The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) has been known to contain estrogen (E)-concentrating neurons. In addition, injections of E into BST have been reported to potentiate the sympathoinhibitory arterial pressure (AP) and heart rate (HR) responses elicited by glutamate (Glu) stimulation. In this study, the effect of glutamate antagonist receptors in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVL...

The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) has been known to contain estrogen (E)-concentrating neurons. In addition, injections of E into BST have been reported to potentiate the sympathoinhibitory arterial pressure (AP) and heart rate (HR) responses elicited by glutamate (Glu) stimulation. In this study, the effect of glutamate antagonist receptors in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVL...

it has been shown that nitric oxide is synthesized in the central nervous system as well as in vascular endothelial cells. recently, it was reported that nitric oxide was involved in central cardiovascular regulation, baroreflex modulation, and involved in a reciprocal release with excitatory amino acids in the nucleus tractus solitarii of rats. the purpose of the present study was to investiga...

The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) is known to contain estrogen (E)- concentrating neurons. In addition, injections of E into BST have been reported to potentiate the sympathoinhibitory arterial pressure (AP) and heart rate (HR) responses elicited by glutamate (Glu) stimulation. In this study, the effect of GABA-A antagonist receptors, bicuculline methiodide (BMI), in the rostral ven...

To establish an assay system for evaluation of the uptake and reversed transport of glutamate, we examined the effects of Na(+)-concentration and pharmacological agents on the extracellular glutamate concentration ([Glu](o)) in rat cortical synaptosomes in vitro. There was a decrease and increase of the [Glu](o) at high and low Na(+) concentrations, respectively, in a Ca(2+)-free medium. The ch...

The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) is known to contain estrogen (E)- concentrating neurons. In addition, injections of E into BST have been reported to potentiate the sympathoinhibitory arterial pressure (AP) and heart rate (HR) responses elicited by glutamate (Glu) stimulation. In this study, the effect of GABA-A antagonist receptors, bicuculline methiodide (BMI), in the rostral ven...

The continuous monitoring of the distribution of glutamate (Glu), a neurotransmitter released at synaptic terminals, is important in terms of understanding the signal transfer mechanism in the brain. In this study, we monitored the concentration of Glu released at multiple positions in a hippocampal slice continuously, and obtained an approximate Glu distribution by using our electrochemical gl...

l-Glutamate (Glu) activates at least eight different G protein-coupled receptors known as metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors, which mostly act regulators of synaptic transmission. These consist two domains: an extracellular domain in agonists bind and a transmembrane heptahelix region involved protein activation. Although new mGlu receptor antagonists have been described, few are selective...

The leucine-to-glutamate (Leu→Glu) pathway, which metabolizes the carbon atoms of l-leucine to form l-glutamate, was studied by incubation of rat tissue segments with l-[U-(14)C]leucine and estimation of the [(14)C]glutamate formed. Metabolism of the leucine carbon chain occurs in most rat tissues, but maximal activity of the Leu→Glu pathway for glutamate formation is limited to the thoracic ao...