Current blast furnace technology is a two-stage ironmaking process that requires that iron ore concentrate first be formed into pellets, fired at 1260°C, cooled, transported to the blast furnace, and then re-heated to approximately 1500°C to produce pig iron. This heating, cooling, and then reheating wastes a great deal of energy, which would be saved if the ironmaking process had only a single...

This study investigated the optimum conditions for the leaching of manganese-rich iron ore for subsequent beneficiation studies in laboratory scale. The experiments were carried out by varying the concentration of H2 SO4 solution and the leaching temperature. The properties of the iron ore was characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)...

Abstract: The huge consumption of iron ores in China has attracted much attention to utilizing low grade complex iron resources, such as high-aluminum hematite-limonite ore, which is a refractory resource and difficult to upgrade by traditional physical concentration processes due to the superfine size and close dissemination of iron minerals with gangue minerals. An innovative technology for a...

the asinawa iron ore is located about 3km to the southeast of penjween town, sulaimaniya governorate, kurdistan region, northeastern iraq near the iraq-iran border. the exposed iron ore deposit is about 60 and 400m wide and long respectively. the present study is the re-study of the geology and geochemistry of the asnawan iron ore deposit  and concluded that the country rocks are consist of hor...

This paper is focused on the tactical design of steel supply chain (SSC). A general mathematical model is proposed to integrate production and transportation planning in multi-commodity SSC. The main purpose is to prepare a countrywide production and distribution plan in an SSC with three layers consisting of iron ore mines as suppliers, steel companies as producers, and subsidiary steel compan...

introduction iron ore is one of the most important natural raw materials that is widely used for manufacturing iron and steel. this type of ore contains various amounts of radionuclides; thus, exposing workers handling their extraction, transportation, and processing to radiation. materials and methods in this study, 12 ore samples (each mass weighing about 2 kg) were collected from the iron or...

Marine transgressions or microbial precipitation: What was the controlling factor of continental margin iron formation deposition? Introduction Iron formations, which can be found around the world today, have great importance as sources of iron and manganese ore, clues about the evolution of life on Earth, and even hints at possible life on Mars (Weber et al., 2006). Precambrian iron formations...

The Pau Branco mine supplies two blast furnaces with iron ore lumps, and currently, charcoal consumption for pig iron production accounts for 47% of the blast furnaces’ operational cost. A geometallurgical model is presented to support an economic study considering reserve volumes, product quality, and operational costs based on the metallurgical performance of different iron ore typologies. Sa...

1. Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) is a by product of the steel industry. Blast furnace slag is defined as “the non-metallic product consisting essentially of calcium silicates and other bases that is developed in a molten condition simultaneously with iron in a blast furnace.” [1] In the production of iron, blast furnaces are loaded with iron o...