BACKGROUND Puberty onset is a complex, organized biological process with multilevel regulation, and its physiopathological mechanisms are yet to be elucidated. RFRP-3, the mammalian ortholog to gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone, is implicated in inhibiting the synthesis and release of gonadotropin in mammals. However, it is unclear whether RFRP-3 participates in regulating pubertal development. ...

Neuropeptide FF (NPFF) and gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) are thought to be paralogous, a recent study has revealed that both NPFF GnIH peptides can activate the receptor (GnIHR, also called NPFFR1) in European sea bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax ). However, whether bind (NPFFR2) is still yet unknown this species. Accordingly, we further investigated potential interactions between NPFFR2 (t...

Successful reproduction requires maintenance of the reproductive axis within fine operating limits through negative feedback actions of sex steroids. Despite the importance of this homeostatic process, our understanding of the neural loci, pathways, and neurochemicals responsible remain incomplete. Here, we reveal a neuropeptidergic pathway that directly links gonadal steroid actions to regulat...

With the increasing use of gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonist protocols, it has become an option to trigger ovulation with gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist which has several advantages over human chorionic gonadotropin triggering; among those an elimination or reduction in ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, and a reduction in luteal phase discomfort. Thus, this paper questions the ...

A case of a thirty-eight year old man with pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) type 1 associated with gonadotropin resistance and hypercalcitoninaemia was reported. The basal levels of the luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone were elevated, and the responses to the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone were exaggerated. The basal level of testosterone was normal, but the response to ...

The subjective experience of stress leads to reproductive dysfunction in many species, including rodents and humans. Stress effects on reproduction result from multilevel interactions between the hormonal stress response system, i.e., the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and the hormonal reproductive system, i.e., the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. A novel negative regulat...

OBJECTIVE Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs revolutionized the treatment of central precocious puberty. However, questions remain regarding their optimal use in central precocious puberty and other conditions. The Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society and the European Society for Pediatric Endocrinology convened a consensus conference to review the clinical use of gonadotropin-releasi...