Background: Different protocols are used for controlled ovarian hyper stimulation (COH), but the optimal method has not yet been determined. So we decided to compare the outcome of controlled ovarian stimulation using clomiphen citrate +HMG versus clomiphen citrate +rFSH in IUI cycles. Materials and Methods: 144 women with unexplained or male factor infertility undergoing IUI cycles (72 patient...

Background: Formaldehyde is associated with overproduction of endogenous opioids (EOP), nitric oxide (NO) and cytokins in the blood streams. These consequences can affect sex hormones. Since proper fertility will result physiological balance of sex hormones so that we investigated the relationship between Formaldehyde and sex hormones and apoptotic germ cells in adult male rats. Materials and M...

Gonadotropin products are available for inducing estrus of gilts. A concern is a potential negative effect the inducer on farrowing performance. This study aimed to evaluate effects an estrus-inducing agent gilt productivity at commercial farm. total 60 gilts that had not shown more than 14 days were treated with inducer. Among these gilts, 51 exhibited and underwent artificial insemination. Ad...

Granulosa cells in the ovulatory follicle express messenger ribonucleic acid encoding vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), an agent that may mediate the neovascularization of the developing corpus luteum, but it is not known whether luteinizing granulosa cells synthesize and secrete VEGF during the periovulatory interval. Studies were designed to evaluate the effects of an in vivo gonadot...

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), an endocrine disruptor, causes reproductive and developmental toxic effects in pups following maternal exposure in a number of animal models. Our previous studies have demonstrated that TCDD imprints sexual immaturity by suppressing the expression of fetal pituitary gonadotropins, the regulators of gonadal steroidogenesis. In the present study, we dis...

This study investigated adrenal androgens (AA), gonadotropins, and cortisol in castrated and gonad-intact male rhesus macaques from birth through infancy. Blood samples were collected longitudinally from castrated (n = 6; weekly, 1-40 wk) and intact (n = 4; every other week, 1-17 wk) males. Plasma concentrations of AA were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and plasma...