Sea-salt aerosol (SSA) particles are ubiquitous in the marine boundary layer and over coastal areas. Therefore SSA have ability to directly and indirectly affect the Earth’s radiation balance. The influence SSA have on climate is related to their water uptake and ice nucleation characteristics. In this study, optical microscopy coupled with Raman spectroscopy was used to detect the formation of...

It is unclear why a subgroup of patients with essential hypertension develop salt-sensitive hypertension with progression of target organ damage over time. We evaluated the role of the renal endothelin (ET) system in the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP) model of salt-sensitive spontaneous hypertension (SS-SH) compared with the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) model of sal...

Leaf discs of Nicotiana rustica L. were floated on NaCl in the presence of kinetin or abscisic acid. On the 5th day (14)CO(2) fixation, [(3)H]leucine incorporation, stomatal conductance, and chlorophyll content were determined. Kinetin either partially or completely reversed the inhibitory effects of NaCl while ABA had no effect.

Excessive NaCl intake is associated with a variety of fibrosing diseases such as renal and cardiac fibrosis. This association has been attributed to increased blood pressure as the result of high NaCl intake. However, studies in patients with high NaCl intake and fibrosis reveal a connection between NaCl intake and fibrosis that is independent of blood pressure. We find that increasing the extr...

We recorded whole cell currents of patch-clamped neurons in stratum pyramidale of CA1 region of rat hippocampal tissue slices. Synaptic currents were evoked by orthodromic stimulation while holding potential of the neuron was varied from hyperpolarized to depolarized levels. Extracellular osmolarity (pi(o)) was lowered by superfusion with artificial cerebrospinal fluid in which NaCl concentrati...

Two cultivars of soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) were grown in solution with up to 100 millimolar NaCl. Leaf solute potential was -1.1 to -1.2 megapascals in both cultivars without NaCl. At 100 millimolar NaCl leaf solute potential was -3.1 to -3.5 megapascals in Bragg and -1.7 megapascals in Ransom. The decrease in solute potential was essentially proportional to the concentration of NaCl. In...

Adult Fischer 344 (F344) rats fail to display any preference for NaCl solutions at concentrations typically preferred by other rat strains. To determine whether this behavior is due to a strain difference in NaCl detection threshold, a conditioned taste aversion (CTA) was first established to a suprathreshold concentration of NaCl (0.1 M). Then, a series of dilute NaCl solutions, ranging from 0...

High NaCl diets often increase blood pressure and thereby accelerate lesions in arterial walls. Could high NaCl diets increase arterial lesions without raising blood pressure? To test this, 100 uninephrectomized Dahl salt-resistant (DR) rats (highly resistant to NaCl hypertension) were administered deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) (250 mg/kg) in silicone implants and drinking water containing...

Gavage of 2 M NaCl (IG 2 M NaCl), a procedure to induce cell-dehydration-and water and 0.15 M NaCl intake in a two-bottle choice test-is also a potential gastric irritant. In this study, we assessed whether mineral intake induced by IG 2 M NaCl is associated with gastric irritation or production of pica in the rat. We first determined the amount of mineral solution (0.15 M NaCl, 0.15 M NaHCO3, ...

Renal adaptations to chronic changes in dietary NaCl and extracellular fluid volume involve both glomerular and tubular mechanisms that result in preservation of glomerular filtration rate and modifications of renal tubular transport to secure external NaCl balance. Although the systemic renin-angiotensin system (RAS) mediates some of these responses, the possible contributions of local glomeru...