Intravenous injection of substance P (SP) increases renal nerve firing and heart rate in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKYs) by stimulating sympathetic ganglia. Blood pressure is increased in SHRs but lowered in WKYs. This study assesses the role of neurokinin-1 (NK(1)) receptors in mediating the ganglion actions of SP. Rats for functional studies were anesthetiz...

Each Gr-functor of the type (φ, f) of a Gr-category of the type (Π, C) has the obstruction be an element k ∈ H(Π, C). When this obstruction vanishes, there exists a bijection between congruence classes of Gr-functors of the type (φ, f) and the cohomology group H(Π,C). Then the relation of Gr-category theory and the group extension problem can be established and used to prove that each Gr-catego...

BACKGROUND The relationship between male infertility and gr/gr deletions that remove multiple genes of the Y chromosome varies among countries and populations. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between gr/gr deletions and spermatogenic phenotype in fertile and infertile Japanese men. METHODS The subjects were screened by sequence-tagged site (STS) analysis to detect gr/...

Let n,k,r and t be positive integers, and let [n] = {1,2, . . . ,n}. A family G ⊂ 2[n] is called r-wise t-intersecting if |G1∩·· ·∩Gr| ≥ t holds for all G1, . . . ,Gr ∈ G . Let us define a typical r-wise t-intersecting family Gi(n,r, t) and its k-uniform subfamily Fi(n,k,r, t), where 0 ≤ i ≤ ⌊n−t r ⌋, as follows: Gi(n,r, t) = {G ⊂ [n] : |G∩ [t + ri]| ≥ t +(r−1)i}, Fi(n,k,r, t) = Gi(n,r, t)∩ ([n...