To understand the proximate and ultimate causes that shape acoustic communication in animals, objective characterizations of the vocal repertoire of a given species are critical, as they provide the foundation for comparative analyses among individuals, populations and taxa. Progress in this field has been hampered by a lack of standard in methodology, however. One problem is that researchers m...

The initial dry density has a significant effect on the mechanical behavior of rockfill material (RFM). size effects minimum/maximum (referred to as density, ρ d ) RFM still need further study. To investigate relationship between and M , series surface vibration compaction tests DEM simulations are performed samples with different maximum particle sizes . Both physical numerical results exhibit...

In this study, a comprehensive laboratory testing program was designed to study the resilience characteristics of unbound granular materials (aggregate base coarse) using repeated load triaxial test (RLTT). During experimental program, resilient modulus material examined different moisture content levels, gradation Fuller’s equation, and stress levels. The results show that content, gradation, ...