Theorem (PontryaginMaximum Principle). Suppose a final time T and controlstate pair (û, x̂) on [τ, T ] give the minimum in the problem above; assume that û is piecewise continuous. Then there exist a vector of Lagrange multipliers (λ0, λ) ∈ R × R with λ0 ≥ 0 and a piecewise smooth function p: [τ, T ] → R n such that the function ĥ(t) def =H(t, x̂(t), p(t), û(t)) is piecewise smooth, and one has ̇̂ ...

The Pontrjagin maximum principle solves the problem of optimal control of a continuous deterministic system. The discrete maximum principle solves the problem of optimal control of a discrete-time deterministic system. The maximum principle changes the problem of optimal control to a two point boundary value problem which can be completely solved only in special tasks. It was probably the reaso...

Many science and engineering problems can be formulated as optimization problems that are governed by m-flow type PDEs (multitime evolution systems) and by cost functionals expressed as multiple integrals or curvilinear integrals. Our paper discuss the m-flow type PDEconstrained optimization problems, focussing on a simplified multitime maximum principle. This extends the simplified single-time...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Elevated levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) have been found in patients in different stages of coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of this study was to assess whether the MPO liberation is increased by stress inducible myocardial ischemia and could be used to improve the diagnostic accuracy of non-invasive evaluation for myocardial ischemia. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Seve...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different framework materials on biomechanical behaviour of anterior two-unit cantilever resin-bonded fixed dental prostheses (RBFDPs). A three-dimensional finite element model of a two-unit cantilever RBFDP replacing a maxillary lateral incisor was created. Five framework materials were evaluated: direct fibre-reinforced composite (FRC-Z25...

Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is one of the most common conditions of chronic musculoskeletal pain encountered by primary healthcare practitioners on a daily basis. It is generally accepted amongst the broad profile of healthcare practitioners treating MPS that the presence of discrete, palpable and tender nodules within the muscle, known as myofascial trigger points (MTrP), is necessary to co...