This article discusses radical democratic citizenship in the context of ‘Rojava Revolution’, an ongoing society-building effort that emerged majority Kurdish regions Syrian war. It describes aspects political vision Abdullah Öcalan, as interpreted and applied by activists involved self-governance system Rojava (northern Syria), since 2012. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork region, focuses ways ...

The derivation of unbounded Subject-to-Subject Raising in languages like English is a problem particularly elegantly treated by Tree Adjoining Grammar. The adjoining operation inserts auxiliary trees headed by raising verbs between the subject in SpecIP and the root verb, distancing the subject from its original local relationshlp with the root verb and producing a final multi-clausal structure...

Abstract To probe the limits of attention raising through form-focused instruction, second-language research must adapt to needs a technologically driven learning environment. In this study, we used randomized control design investigate effect captioned media on vocabulary and grammar in L2 Spanish ( n = 369 learners). Through four data-collection sessions, participants were presented with gram...

this experimental study examined the effectiveness of using focused and unfocused tasks on iranianintermediate efl learners’ performance in producing noun, adjective, and adverb clauses. in addition,the aim of this study was to explore the effects of form-focused instruction and the feedback studentsreceived from their teacher after doing focused grammar tasks. data consisted of the scores ofth...

One of the most popular techniques used in HPSG-based studies to describe linguistic phenomena is the raising mechanism. Besides ordinary raising verbs or adjectives, this tool has been applied for handling verbal complexes and discontinuous constituents, among other phenomena. In this paper, a new application for raising within the HPSG paradigm will be discussed, thereby investigating data fr...

The author is carrying out technology studies to explore and expand human emotions, sensibility, and consciousness by making innovative use of artistic creativity. We develop interfaces for experiencing and expressing the "essence of culture'' such as human feelings, ethnicity, and story. History has shown that human cultures have common and unique forms such as behavior and grammar. We suggest...

this study examined and compared the effects of consciousness-raisingwritten corrective feedback in 2 newly-developed levels in terms of marked thirdperson -s acquisition. nine elementary level intact classes, including 191 malelanguage learners within the age range of 11-14 at iran language institute, weretaken as the participants. relying on the participants’ placement test results,previous t...

hhCOLING2000-76ii Type raising has been recognized as an important mechanism of analyzing the noun phrase and other constituents. But lexical and dynamic treatment of type raising have problems with multiplicity and lack of formal basis, respectively. By adopting ideas in algebraic specification, this paper proposes a new way of formulating type raising that can eliminate the complications asso...

The author is carrying out technology studies to explore and expand human emotions, sensibility, and consciousness by making innovative use of artistic creativity. We develop interfaces for experiencing and expressing the "essence of culture'' such as human feelings, ethnicity, and story. History has shown that human cultures have common and unique forms such as behavior and grammar. We suggest...