There has been a call in recent years for an integration of cognitive load theory into instructed second language acquisition practices to assist learners by taking advantage theories on human architecture. This paper seeks move the conversation how this might be achieved presenting findings from survey data conducted with enrolled online courses at cyber-university South Korea (n = 68). Findin...

For concepts to be communicated, sentences must constructed properly. To achieve these goals, it is essential keep the ability modify grammatical rules. A review of ten credible research revealed that many students in Asia and Europe have grammar difficulties. The age range 6–24. Information was found on Google Scholar website. All articles were published between 2019 2022. writings’ themes cen...

In this paper we empirically try to estimate productivity and growth of the world's economies by selected indicators measuring sustainability, equity, and the state of democratic rights and civil liberties. We use models from the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) literature to compare productivity levels in a multiple output setting. This productivity level can then be interpreted as a new human ...

since the emergence of the process-oriented approach to second language writing instruction two main questions have been what and how error feedback should be given to the students. the question of whether teachers should provide feedback on grammar in the writing assignments of english as a foreign language students, and if so how, has been a matter of considerable debate in the field of secon...

Deductive refers to a more teacher-centered approach to instruction, where inductive For a clearer understanding of these methods visit Dr. Bilash's page titled The lesson I have attached below is an example of an inductive approach. In the western world, deductive teaching approaches are common in A teacher writes on the board a few examples of simple present and simple past. (Using Inductive ...

III Listening comprehension is a multifaceted L2 skill and its actual mastery has proved challenging for many EFL learners (Matthews, 2018). Pre-listening supports may help us change the dire situation in developing effective listening competence. Therefore, the current study tried to examine the effect of vocabulary preparation, grammar instruction and background knowledge activatio...

This experimental study examined the effectiveness of using focused and unfocused tasks on Iranian intermediate EFL learners’ performance in producing noun, adjective, and adverb clauses. In addition,the aim of this study was to explore the effects of form-focused instruction and the feedback students received from their teacher after doing focused grammar tasks. Data consisted of the scores of...

Included within a second language acquisition program, digital games possibly can increase knowledge retention and transfer rates. This mixed-methods study uses a computerbased interactive fiction (IF) game to teach German vocabulary, reading, and culture to university students. The results indicate that contextualized, immersive role-play may have assisted in second language learning, but stud...

PURPOSE Even without explicit instruction, learners are able to extract information about the form of a language simply by attending to input that reflects the underlying grammar. In this study, the authors explored the role of variability in this learning by asking whether varying the number of unique exemplars heard by the learner affects learning of an artificial syntactic form. METHOD Lea...