We present an Earley-style dynamic programming algorithm for parsing sentence pairs from a parallel corpus simultaneously, building up two phrase structure trees and a correspondence mapping between the nodes. The intended use of the algorithm is in bootstrapping grammars for less studied languages by using implicit grammatical information in parallel corpora. Therefore, we presuppose a given (...

0. Introduction The distinction between acceptable and unacceptable sentences has long served as the empirical basis for theoretical linguistics. Traditionally, two kinds of explanations have been offered to account for perceived unacceptability. In the first, unacceptability reflects the violation of grammatical constraints. The second explanation attributes unacceptability to processing compl...

â  â  â  reasons of differences in grammatical opinions among the ancients â â â â â â â  ryadh alsawad * â  marzieh ghorbankhani ** â  â  abstract â â â  the most important characteristic of the rules of arabic language is their extent and diversity, so that they are difficult for learners to manage and learn. there are different reasons that play role in formation of this diversity. some reas...

Different methods of language teaching have tried to help EFL learners to develop good language skills based on their various perspectives. Research findings have underscored the effect of using task types in promoting language skills in terms of accuracy in written discourse. Therefore, this study set out to investigate whether there is an evidence of correct use of simple past tense (Accuracy...

This study reports on an experiment in which a group of 14 American learners of Spanish as a foreign language performed two monologic production tasks with and without time for planning. Several hypotheses were tested concerning language complexity, grammatical accuracy, lexical complexity, and degree of fluency. As predicted, it was found that learners produced more complex, but not more accur...