The DARPA Urban Challenge required robotic vehicles to travel more than 90 km through an urban environment without human intervention and included situations such as stop intersections, traffic merges, parking, and roadblocks. Team VictorTango separated the problem into three parts: base vehicle, perception, and planning. A Ford Escape outfitted with a custom drive-by-wire system and computers ...

We prove a strong form of the equivalence of ensembles for the invariant measures of zero range processes conditioned to a supercritical density of particles. It is known that in this case there is a single site that accomodates a macroscopically large number of the particles in the system. We show that in the thermodynamic limit the rest of the sites have joint distribution equal to the grand ...

The late Cenozoic geomorphic evolution of Grand Canyon has been infl uenced by three primary tectonic and drainage adjustment events. First, 1 km of relief was produced along the Grand Wash–Wheeler Fault system beginning at 16.5 Ma. Second, the ancestral Colorado River became integrated with the lower Colorado River through Grand Canyon between 5.5 and 6 Ma. Third, the Colorado River was infl u...

We show that the ground states of the three-dimensional XXZ Heisenberg ferromagnet with a 111 interface have excitations localized in a subvolume of linear size R with energies bounded by O(1/R). As part of the proof we show the equivalence of ensembles for the 111 interface states in the following sense: In the thermodynamic limit the states with fixed magnetization yield the same expectation ...

Walker manifolds of signature (2, 2) have been used by many authors to provide examples of Osserman and of conformal Osserman manifolds of signature (2, 2). We study questions of geodesic completeness and Ricci blowup in this context.

The U.S. National Academy of Engineering’s Grand Challenges for Engineering report has received a great deal of attention from legislators, policymakers, and educators, but what does it entail for social justice considerations in engineering? This article situates the Grand Challenges report as a cultural artifact of the engineering profession—an artifact that works to reinforce engineering’s p...

In this position paper, I introduce five grand challenges in the development of networked digital games. While this list is not intended to be exhaustive, I argue that these challenges are significant in that they are holding back the development of the next generation of innovative games.

Carlos M. Duarte* 1 Department of Global Change Research, (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-University of the Balearic Islands) Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, Mallorca, Spain 2 The UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia 3 Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway *Correspondence:...