INTRODUCTION Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor produced by nonhematopoietic malignant cells is able to induce a leukemoid reaction by excessive stimulation of leukocyte production. Expression of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and its functional receptors have been confirmed in bladder cancer cells. In vitro studies have demonstrated that granulocyte colony-stimulating factor/receptor...

Activated neutrophils play a major role in the pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and persistence of pulmonary neutrophilia is related to poor survival. Interleukin (IL)-8 is implicated in recruiting neutrophils to the lungs but it has been postulated that granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), which ...

We show that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25[0H12D3), the most hormonally active metabolite of vitamin 113, modulates sensitively and specifically both the protein and messenger RNA accumulation of the multilineage growth factor granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). The regulation of GMCSF expression is seen in both normal human mitogen-activated T lymphocytes and T lymphocy...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Enhancing collateral artery growth is a potent therapeutic approach to treat cardiovascular ischemic disease from occlusive artery. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has gained attention for its ability to promote arteriogenesis, ameliorating brain damage, by the mechanisms involving monocyte upregulation. However, the recent clinical study testing...