A graph homomorphism between two graphs is a map from the vertex set of one graph to the vertex set of the other graph, that maps edges to edges. In this note we study the range of a uniformly chosen homomorphism from a graph G to the infinite line Z. It is shown that if the maximal degree of G is ‘sub-logarithmic’, then the range of such a homomorphism is super-constant. Furthermore, some exam...

We introduce a construction called the fractional multiples of a graph. These graphs are used to settle a question raised by E. Welzl: We show that if G and H are vertex-transitive graphs such that there exists a homomorphism fromG toH but no homomorphism fromH to G, then there exists a vertex-transitive graph that is homomorphically “in between” G and H.

The problem of deciding whether an arbitrary graph G has a homomorphism into a given graph H has been widely studied and has turned out to be very difficult. Hell and Nešetril proved that the decision problem is NP-complete unless H is bipartite. We consider a restricted problem where G is an arbitrary triangle-free hexagonal graph and H is a Kneser graph or its induced subgraph. We give an exp...

Minimum cost homomorphism problems can be viewed as a generalization of list homomorphism problems. They also extend two well-known graph colouring problems: the minimum colour sum problem and the optimum cost chromatic partition problem. In both of these problems, the cost function meets an additional constraint: the cost of using a specific colour is the same for every vertex of the input gra...

We address the problem of cyclic termgraph rewriting. We propose a new framework where rewrite rules are tuples of the form (L,R, τ, σ) such that L and R are termgraphs representing the left-hand and the right-hand sides of the rule, τ is a mapping from the nodes of L to those of R and σ is a partial function from nodes of R to nodes of L. τ describes how incident edges of the nodes in L are co...

The main result of the papzer is that any planar graph with odd girth at least 10k À 7 has a homomorphism to the Kneser graph G 2k‡1 k , i.e. each vertex can be colored with k colors from the set f1; 2;. .. ; 2k ‡ 1g so that adjacent vertices have no colors in common. Thus, for example, if the odd girth of a planar graph is at least 13, then the graph has a homomorphism to G 5 2 , also known as...

Graph homomorphisms are used to study good characterizations for coloring problems (Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 384 (1996), 1281–1297; Discrete Math. 22 (1978), 287–300). Particularly, the following concept arises in this context: A pair of graphs (A, B) is called a homomorphism duality if for any graph G either there exists a homomorphism σ : A→ G or there exists a homomorphism τ : G → B but not b...

We prove that unless Exponential Time Hypothesis (ETH) fails, deciding if there is a homomorphism from graph G to graph H cannot be done in time |V (H)|o(|V (G)|). We also show an exponential-time reduction from Graph Homomorphism to Subgraph Isomorphism. This rules out (subject to ETH) a possibility of |V (H)|o(|V (H)|)-time algorithm deciding if graph G is a subgraph of H. For both problems o...

We discuss Matijevic–Roberts type theorem on strong F -regularity, F -purity, and Cohen–Macaulay F -injective (CMFI for short) property. Related to this problem, we also discuss the base change problem and the openness of loci of these properties. In particular, we define the notion of F -purity of homomorphisms using Radu–André homomorphisms, and prove basic properties of it. We also discuss a...

Eilenberg’s variety theorem gives a bijective correspondence between varieties of languages and varieties of finite semigroups. The second author gave a similar relation between conjunctive varieties of languages and varieties of semiring homomorphisms. In this paper, we add a third component to this result by considering varieties of meet automata. We consider three significant classes of lang...