this study aimed at investigating the effect of graphic organizer strategy on improving iranian efl learners’ vocabulary learning. fifty students participated in this study which lasted for one academic semester. the students were divided into two groups: one experimental group in which students were taught new vocabulary items through graphic organizers in form of clusters and pictures, and on...

This paper is grounded in the empirical reality of a growing use of the ICTs in public administrations. Generally, informationand communication technologies (ICTs) are being introduced in an organization in order to increase operational efficiency, quality, and transparency. But, besides these intended effects, the introduction of the ICTs also leads to substantial changes in the power relation...

The techniques used to enforce Internet Censorship vary, and as a consequence the users can experience different results while accessing the same censored content in different contexts. While the corpus of Internet censorship studies is growing, to the best of our knowledge we are the first to focus on censorship detection on 3G/4G (hereafter mobile) network operators. After an introduction on ...

We design an experiment to study the effects of transparency on bargaining processes. We show that whether transparency arrises endogenously depends on the degree of competition between subjects. In a competitive setting there is no transparency: subjects use private communication channels to compete for favors from those in power and establish backroom deals. In the absence of competition the ...

This paper is grounded in the empirical reality of a growing use of informationand communication technologies (ICTs) in public administrations. Generally, ICTs are being introduced in an organization in order to increase operational efficiency, quality, and transparency. But, besides these intended effects, the introduction of ICTs also leads to substantial changes in the power relationships am...

The special combinatorial properties of graphic and co-graphic bondgraphs are analysed. A graphic bondgraph is one which has an associated graph, meaning that the two represent the same combinatorial information, expressed in thej’unctions of the bondgraph or the cycles of the graph. Dually a co-graphic bondgraph is one whose dual bondgraph has an associated graph. The combinatorial basis for c...

This is a short description of graphic lambda calculus, with special emphasis on a duality suggested by the two different appearances of knot diagrams, in lambda calculus and emergent algebra sectors of the graphic lambda calculus respectively. This duality leads to the introduction of the dual of the graphic beta move. While the graphic beta move corresponds to beta reduction in untyped lambda...

We develop an efficient and conceptually simple algorithm for minimizing the sum of the rank-function of a graph G = (V,E) and of a linear function on E. We call such set-functions “graphic submodular”. The algorithm we present for graphic submodular function minimization is a greedy algorithm consisting of |V | − 1 steps, where the steps require the solution of a network flow problem on subgra...

Building upon the existing literature, we are suggesting to regard the building blocks of all graphics as falling into three main categories: a) the graphic objects that are shown (e.g., a dot, a pictogram, an arrow), b) the meaningful graphic spaces into which these objects are arranged (e.g., a geographic coordinate system, a timeline), and c) the graphic properties of these objects (e.g., th...