The effects of climate change on humans and other living ecosystems is an area of on-going research. The ruminant livestock sector is considered to be one of the most significant contributors to the existing greenhouse gas (GHG) pool. However, there are opportunities to combat climate change by reducing the emission of GHGs from ruminants. Methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) are emitted by ru...

In 2008 the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimated that only 6.4% of U.S. greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions originated from agriculture. Of this amount, 53.5% comes from animal agriculture. Agricultural activities are the largest source of N2O emissions in the U.S. accounting for 69% of the total N2O emissions for 2009. In animal agriculture, the greatest contributor to methane emissions ...

As efforts to mitigate climate change increase, there is a need to identify cost-effective ways to avoid emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Agriculture is rightly recognized as a source of considerable emissions, with concomitant opportunities for mitigation. Although future agricultural productivity is critical, as it will shape emissions from conversion of native landscapes to food and bio...

Introduction Climate change and global warming have drawn worldwide attention in the new century. Concern about possible global warming and the controversy over the claim that it is mainly caused by the greenhouse effect provide motivation for better understanding the mathematics, physics, and chemistry of greenhouse gases. The molecules of these gases trap heat in the form of infrared radiatio...

Centuries of speculation about the causes of human stress on the environment is now being disciplined with empirical evidence, including analyses of differences in greenhouse-gas emissions across contemporary nation states. The cumulative results can provide useful guidance for both climate projections and for policy design. Growing human population and affluence clearly contribute to enhanced ...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062228.].

Equity is of fundamental concern in the quest for international cooperation to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations by the reduction of emissions. By modeling the carbon cycle, we estimate the global CO(2) emissions that would be required to stabilize the atmospheric concentration of CO(2) at levels ranging from 450 to 1,000 ppm. These are compared, on both an absolute and a per-capita basis...

The ultimate chemical fate of the conventional fossil fuel combustion is always CO2 and H2O, two wellknown greenhouse gases responsible for contributing considerably to the global warming. We propose a radically new concept where CO2 and H2O are converted into carbon monoxide and hydrogen (individually) at one hand and into syngas (if present together; a more likely scenario) under mild experim...

In recent years several classic halls for chamber music were renovated and a few halls of similar capacity were built in Russia. We have selected the most interesting ones and measured their acoustical parameters. Here we are presenting detailed descriptions of five halls in Moscow, Tula, Ufa and Penza in combination with the measurement data. Some of them have long reverberation time and their...