Decisions can be taken to increase energy efficiency and to mitigate the emissions to the environment by examining the energy audit and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions footprint of crop production in different ways and in different regions, with comparable principles. In this study, energy consumption and energy indices of tomatoes production in four regions of Iran including East Azerbaijan...

The Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard provides a step-bystep guide for companies and government agencies to use in quantifying and reporting their GHG emissions. This set of standards was developed by the Greenhouse Gas Protocol Initiative, a partnership convened by the World Resources Institute (WRI) and the World Business Council for Sustainable Develop...

In China, the construction of asphalt pavement has a significant impact on the environment, and energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from asphalt pavement construction have been receiving increasing attention in recent years. At present, there is no universal criterion for the evaluation of GHG emissions in asphalt pavement construction. This paper proposes to define the system boundar...

The estimation of overall on-site and off-site greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by wastewater treatment plants revealed that in anaerobic and hybrid treatment systems greater emissions result from off-site processes compared to on-site processes. However, in aerobic treatment systems, onsite processes make a higher contribution to the overall GHG emissions. The total GHG emissions were estimated ...

the goal of this study was to analysis the greenhouse gas (ghg) emissions of pasta production. data for this study was collected from durum wheat farms of three provinces of iran. data of soil properties, transportation and pasta factory stages were collected and analyzed, using simapro software, ecoinvent data base and global warming potential (gwp) 100 years method. epic model was used to cal...

Natural gas comprises almost one-fourth of all energy used in the U.S. New technologies, sometimes referred to as “unconventional” have enabled the production of more natural gas and have expanded domestic energy reserves. Natural gas is generally recognized as a clean-burning fuel source, producing less greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per quantity of energy consumed than either coal or oil. How...

This study estimates the life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the production of Marcellus shale natural gas and compares its emissions with national average US natural gas emissions produced in the year 2008, prior to any significant Marcellus shale development. We estimate that the development and completion of a typical Marcellus shale well results in roughly 5500 t of carbon dioxid...

Understanding the sources and quantities of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is critical to developing an emissions inventory that accurately represents various oil and gas industry segment operations. To address this, the American Petroleum Institute (API) formed a Greenhouse Gas Emissions Methodology Working Group. The working group’s objectives were to review, summarize and recommend methodolo...

The potential for global climate change due to the release of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is being debated both nationally and internationally. While many options for reducing GHG emissions are being evaluated, MSW management presents potential options for reductions and has links to other sectors (e.g., energy, industrial processes, forestry, transportation) with further GHG reduction oppor...

The increasing attention paid to the environment has led to a reduction in the emissions from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Moreover, the increasing interest in the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from WWTPs suggests that we reconsider the traditional tools used for designing and managing WWTPs. Indeed, nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide and methane can be emitted from wastewater treatment, si...