aims: in regard to increasing greenhouse area in iran followed by increased use of pesticides and contaminated crops, this study aimed to determine the frequency and types of consumed pesticides in kashan region, iran, greenhouses. instrument & methods: in this descriptive study in 2011-2012, samples was entered by census method. at the first step, a list of greenhouses was obtained from agricu...

BACKGROUND Insecticide resistance in Trialeurodes vaporariorum W. is unknown in the species' northern distribution range where it inhabits mainly commercial greenhouses. Resistance development in whiteflies feeding on year-round crops in greenhouses is possible owing to the use of chemical treatments to back up biocontrol. The authors tested the response levels to spiromesifen, pymetrozine and ...

greenhouse structure has an important role in success of greenhouse production. this research was conducted to study problems related to vegetable greenhouse structure in khuzestan province for on year(2011-2012). for this purpose, 21 greenhouses were selected by simple randomized samplang and questionnaires were completed. the results revealed that the major problems in greenhouses vegetable p...

Greenhouse culture plays a significant role in driving the agricultural development process by providing artificial conditions for production and/or neutralizing environmental variables. Obviously, planning for developing this production system requires understanding effective and limiting variables. Accordingly, the present study was conducted in 2018 in order to evaluate management indicators...

Clubroot symptoms occurred severely on roots of Pak-Choi (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis) grown in greenhouses in Gwangju city, Gyeonggi province, Korea in September, 2008. The incidence of the disease symptoms reached as high as 90% in three greenhouses investigated. The root galls collected from the greenhouses were sectioned using a scalpel and observed by light microscope. Many resting ...

53 The microbial insecticide, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), has become the mainstay of non-chemical control of 54 Lepidopteran pests, either as sprays or through the incorporation of Bt toxins into transgenic crops. Given 55 the wide use of Bt, it is striking that currently only one pest species, Plutella xylostella, has been reported 56 to have developed significant resistance to Bt outside the...

Greenhouses are a well-accepted containment strategy to grow and study genetically modified plants (GM) before release into the environment. Various containment levels are requested by national regulations to minimize GM pollen escape. We tested the amount of pollen escaping from a standard greenhouse, which can be used for EU containment classes 1 and 2. More specifically, we investigated the ...

Greenhouses in botanical or zoological gardens are home to dozens of species of invertebrates that were introduced alongside plants or potting soil. Our study presents the description of an alien species of earwig, Euborellia arcanum sp. nov., found in tropical greenhouses in Leipzig and Potsdam (Germany) and in Vienna (Austria), including information about its biology in breeding culture. The ...