Abstract Despite his popularity in educational discourses, Lev S. Vygotsky tends to be read mainly as an psychologist or learning theorist. His potential contribution a theory of education remains largely undiscussed. The Zone Proximal Development (ZPD) is often misunderstood sort “educational tool,” which severely reduces the richness concept emerging from Vygotsky's works. In this essay, Alin...

To properly integrate information & communication technologies (ICTs) in higher educational institutes (HEIs) of Pakistan demands factors which relate with their usage, acceptance, adoption, and diffusion need be analyzed through some appropriate statistical tests before their implementation at ground level. This study measures critical factors such as ZPD (zone of proximal development) gap, di...

Modern Implantable Medical Devices (IMDs) are vulnerable to security attacks because of their wireless connectivity the outside world. One main challenges is establishing trust between IMD and an external reader/programmer in order facilitate secure communication. Numerous device-pairing schemes have been proposed address this specific challenge. However, they alone cannot protect against a bat...

the present study aimed at investigating the possible impact ofzone of proximal development (zpd) on the learners’ performance. forty-sixiranian university students participated in this study by taking two types of readingcomprehension tests (i.e., the main idea and wh-question type). the researchersused the winstep program to analyze the data and estimate the learners’ raschmeasure in pre, pos...

The writing process is a development that progresses as problem-solving activity by the writer to make best decisions convey his/her ideas audience. Writing uses both oral and written language complete. One addition online collaborative writing. However, transitioning from individual group will put learners in zone of proximal development. In that, emergence mode has made work problematic. This...

Traditional static testing, aimed at measuring the achievement of pre-determined criteria, has been widely used by language teachers for many years. Such tests conventionally reflected students’ misunderstanding of instruction more than their abilities to perform a task. Disillusionment with traditional assessment has led to an examination of alternative assessment procedures that are accurate ...

Students can practice skills and acquire knowledge by doing coursework. However, in conventional coursework activities, each student is assigned the same exercises, without considering learners’ diversity. Moreover, students typically have difficulty in receiving assistance for completing their exercises after class. Therefore, some students cannot learn effectively when doing their coursework....

The avian inner perivitelline layer (IPVL), a homologous structure to the mammalian zona pellucida, is deposited between the granulosa cells and the oocyte cell membrane during folliculogenesis. The glycoprotein meshwork of the IPVL forms a 3-dimensional matrix and possesses important functions in the fertilization process: it contributes to the binding of avian spermatozoa to the oocyte and in...

There still exist lacunae in our understanding of howness and the effectiveness of metacognitive strategy training for various language skills in most EFL contexts; most notably in input-poor environments. The present study sought to investigate the possible effects of metacognitive strategy training on vocabulary strategies awareness and vocabulary knowledge among Iranian EFL learners. The exp...

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação de tratamento térmico alívio tensão (TTAT) e das temperaturas preaquecimento interpasse sobre a microestrutura, presença zonas parcialmente diluídas (ZPD), microdureza gradiente composição ao longo interface depósitos liga AWS E NiCrMo 3 os aços AISI 8630M 4130 aplicados por dois processos soldagem (GMAW PTA-P). Para isto foram ...