There are several pathways for the incorporation of sugars into glycosphingolipids (GSL). Sugars can be added to ceramide that contains sphinganine (dihydrosphingosine) synthesized de novo (pathway 1), to ceramide synthesized from sphingoid bases produced by hydrolysis of sphingolipids (pathway 2), and into GSL recycling from the endosomal pathway through the Golgi (pathway 3). We reported prev...

We assess the relationship between temperature and global sea-level (GSL) variability over the Common Era through a statistical metaanalysis of proxy relative sea-level reconstructions and tide-gauge data. GSL rose at 0.1 ± 0.1 mm/y (2σ) over 0-700 CE. A GSL fall of 0.2 ± 0.2 mm/y over 1000-1400 CE is associated with ∼ 0.2 °C global mean cooling. A significant GSL acceleration began in the 19th...

By means of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) two-hybrid screening, we identified basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor05 (bHLH05) as an interacting partner of MYB51, the key regulator of indolic glucosinolates (GSLs) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Furthermore, we show that bHLH04, bHLH05, and bHLH06/MYC2 also interact with other R2R3-MYBs regulating GSL biosynthesis. Analysis of b...

Histologically characterized human gliomas of various grades of ma lignancy obtained during surgery were extracted, and their glycolipids were isolated and partially identified. Among the gliomas analyzed, three types of glycolipid component distribution could be identified. The glycosphingolipid (CSL) type I pattern correlated closely with that of the most malignant gliomas (Grade IV). Its neu...

The lake elevation of the Great Salt Lake (GSL), a large closed basin in the arid western United States, is characterized by a pronounced quasi-decadal oscillation (QDO) (Lall and Mann 1995). Wang et al. (2009a) found that the variation of the GSL elevation is very coherent with the QDO of sea surface temperature anomalies in the tropical central Pacific, known as the Pacific QDO (White and Liu...

Utah’s Great Salt Lake (GSL) is a closed-basin remnant of the larger Pleistocene-age Lake Bonneville. The modern instrumental record of the GSL-level (i.e. elevation) change is strongly modulated by Pacific Ocean coupled ocean/atmospheric oscillations at low frequency, and therefore reflects the decadalscale wet/dry cycles that characterize the region. A within-basin network of seven tree-ring ...

Patients with the autoimmune rheumatic disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have multiple defects in lymphocyte signaling and function that contribute to disease pathogenesis. Such defects could be attributed to alterations in metabolic processes, including abnormal control of lipid biosynthesis pathways. Here, we reveal that CD4+ T cells from SLE patients displayed an altered profile of ...

Despite the abundance of research investigating general and academic vocabularies and developing dozens of word lists, few studies have compared academic vocabulary with general service word lists such as conversation vocabulary. Many EAP researchers assume that university students need to know all the words in West’s (1953) General Service List (GSL) as a prerequisite to academic words (e.g., ...

Project Description: The Great Salt Lake (GSL) is the fourth largest terminal lake in the world and is an important region for breeding and migratory waterbirds and wintering common goldeneye (Aldrich and Paul 2002, J. Vest unpublished data). Because the GSL is a closed basin, contaminants (e.g., mercury, selenium, cadmium, and others) associated with industrial and urban development in the Sal...

The glycosphingolipids (GSL) and other major lipid classes were studied in cultured fibroblasts from a family with familial hypercholesterolemia. The GSL content in cells grown in medium containing fetal calf serum was increased 5-fold in the homozygote and 2- to 3-fold in both heterozygous parents. Cell surface labeling experiments, using the membrane probe galactose oxidase followed by reduct...