در سالهای اخیر پیشرفتهای چشمگیری در تشخیص و درمان هپاتیت مزمن ب به دست آمده  و هر چند سال یک بار تغییر و تحولات قابل توجهی در نحوه درمان چنین بیمارانی به دنبال داشته است. اگرچه در چند سال اخیر راهنماهای درمانی متعددی برای هپاتیت مزمن ب در سطح دنیا ارائه شده است(5-1)، با گذشت زمان و انجام تحقیقات جدید، تفاوتهایی بین راهنماهای درمان قابل مشاهده می شود. علاوه بر این بسیاری از داروهای جدید قیمت بسی...

Background: Sepsis is one of the most important causes of death in infants. The pattern of bacterial agents responsible for neonatal septicemia changes over time. The main aim of the present study was to provide a clinical guideline adapted for treatment of neonatal sepsis based on the frequency of microbial agents in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Alzahra Hospital, Tabriz, Iran.Meth...

abstract background: in developing countries, hemorrhage accounts for 30% of the maternal deaths. postpartum hemorrhage has been defined as blood loss of around 500 ml or more, after completing the third phase of labor. most cases of postpartum hemorrhage occur during the first hour after birth. the most common reason for bleeding in the early hours after childbirth is uterine atony bleeding du...

results the total number of time-loss injuries and matches missed rose from 129 and 506 respectively in 2008 - 2009 to 202 and 1110 in 2010 - 2011. following the introduction of ‘minimum medical standards’, both categories decreased (significantly for matches missed). these time-loss injuries and matches missed led to high costs of up to aud$ 37,317,029.29 (2012 - 2013 season). the same trend w...

clinical education is an essential part of medical trainees’ education process, and curriculum planners agree that it should be based on ethical standards and principles in the medical field. nevertheless, no explained and codified criteria have been developed for ethics in clinical teaching. this study was aimed to develop an ethical guideline for medical students and teachers as the first and...

background: one of the domains of scientific activities is working on animals. performing experiments on animals is per­missible only with the purpose of obtaining necessary information for saving and improving life of human be­ings or ani­mals. principally, all religions believe that human life is more valuable than animal life and humans have a god-given au­thority over animals, but they shou...