Introduction Articular cartilage is a highly specialised tissue which is organised into distinct layers that vary in both structure and composition according to distance from the surface. Cartilage has a poor ability to regenerate itself and as a result, superficial damage almost inevitably leads to the development of osteoarthritis (OA). Recently, the potential of osteochondral tissue engineer...

The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence and longitudinal propagation of dentin defects after gutta-percha removal with hand and rotary instruments using microcomputed tomography. Twenty mandibular incisors were prepared using the balanced-force technique and scanned in a 19.9 μm resolution. Following filling with the lateral compaction technique, gutta-percha was removed with Pro...

Background: Inappropriate activation or blockage of the inhibition of complement system could cause tissue damages in autoimmune diseases particularly rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Defect in complement component regulation may cause damages to tissues, on the other hand, or the damaged tissue might affect the unnecessary activation of complement components.   Objective: To investigate the expressi...

A case of severe right ventricular obstruction caused by a huge aneurysmal tissue tag is described associated with a perimembranous ventricular septal defect with an infundibular extension. Angiograms and surgical inspection clearly showed that the ventricular septal defect extended into the outlet septum. The distinctive features of this case was the severity of the gradient related to the pec...

Double Outlet Right Ventricle with intact ventricular septum is an extremely rare malformation. Only nine cases are recorded in the known world literature. A new case is reported, concerning a female infant six months old when first seen, and still alive after atrial septectomy. The anatomical studies in Double Outlet Right Ventricle suggest that only the Ventricular Septal Defect in the outlet...

Restoration of anterior ridge defects with missing teeth both in height and width is critical for a dentist to restore. Restoration of lost teeth along with the bony defect restricts many modes of conventional treatments available. For obtaining functionally and aesthetically acceptable results a combination of fixed and removable prosthesis has turned out to be outstanding without the need for...

Holt-Oram syndrome is a rare inherited disorder involving the hands, arms, and the heart. The defects involve carpal bones of the wrist and the thumb and the associated cardiac anomalies like atrial or ventricular septal defects. Congenital cardiac and upper-limb malformations frequently occur together and are classified as heart-hand syndromes. The most common amongst the heart-hand disorders ...

objective(s):various methods for repairing bone defects are presented. cell therapy is one of these methods. bone marrow stromal cells (bmscs) seem to be suitable for this purpose. on the other hand, lots of biomaterials are used to improve and repair the defect in the body, so in this study we tried to produce a similar structure to the bone by the chitosan and hydroxyapatite. materials and me...