Fine particulate matter has become the premier air pollutant of Beijing in recent years, enormously impacting the environmental quality of the city and the health of the residents. Fine particles with aerodynamic diameters of 0~0.3 μm, 0.3~0.5 μm, and 0.5~1.0 μm, from the yeasr 2007 to 2012, were monitored, and the hospital data about respiratory diseases during the same period was gathered and...

In Britain, the nurse provided by the National Health Service to attend patients in their homes is always the "district nurse", despite other and later descriptions of her work as "home" or "community" nursing.' The popular usage not only betrays district nursing's philanthropic origins as a service organized on the district basis typical of Victorian visiting charities,2 but also testifies to ...

BACKGROUND Although there is widespread agreement that strong district manager decision-making improves health systems, understanding about how the design and implementation of capacity-strengthening interventions work is limited. The Ghana Health Service has adopted the Leadership Development Programme (LDP) as one intervention to support the development of management and leadership within dis...

The analysis of efficiency in health care has largely focussed either on individual health care providers, or on sub-national health systems conceived as a unique decision-making unit. However, in hierarchically organized national health services, two separate entities are responsible for turning financial resources into services at the local level: health administrations and health care provid...

Within the pdf document I have added some Sticky Note Comments that suggest minor grammatical changes.

BACKGROUND Performance-based financing (PBF) has demonstrated a range of successes and failures in improving health outcomes across low- and middle-income countries. Evidence indicates that the success of PBF depends, in large part, on the model selected, in relation to a variety of contextual factors. OBJECTIVE Partners In Health∣Inshuti Mu Buzima aimed to evaluate health outcomes associated...

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a serious problem in Thailand, particularly in the northeastern and northern regions. Database of population at risk are need required for monitoring, surveillance, home health care, and home visit. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a geographic information system (GIS) database and Google map of the population at risk of CCA in Mueang Yang district, Nakhon Ratc...

In 2003, the Uganda Ministry of Health introduced the district league table for district health system performance assessment. The league table presents district performance against a number of input, process and output indicators and a composite index to rank districts. This study explores the use of hierarchical cluster analysis for analysing and presenting district health systems performance...

in modern decentralised health systems, district and local managers are increasingly responsible for financing, managing, and delivering healthcare. however, their lack of adequate skills and competencies are a critical barrier to improved performance of health systems. given the financial and human resource, constraints of relying on traditional face-to-face training to upskill a large and dis...

BACKGROUND Scarcity of resources for healthcare is a well-acknowledged problem. In this context, efficient utilization of existing financial and human resources becomes crucial for strengthening the healthcare delivery. The assessment of efficiency of health facilities can guide decision makers in ensuring the optimum utilization of available resources. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study w...