The Bitcoin cryptocurrency introduced a novel distributed consensus mechanism relying on economic incentives. While a coalition controlling a majority of computational power may undermine the system, for example by double-spending funds, it is often assumed it would be incentivized not to attack to protect its long-term stake in the health of the currency. We show how an attacker might purchase...

Treating people as cases that are proximate in a behavior space-representing lifestyles-rather than as markers of single variables has a long history in sociology. Yet, because it is difficult to find analytically tractable ways to implement this idea, this approach is rarely used. We take seriously the idea that people are whole packages, and we use household spending to identify groups who oc...

Current cryptocurrencies, starting with Bitcoin, build a decentralized blockchain-based transaction ledger, maintained through proofs-of-work that also serve to generate a monetary supply. Such decentralization has benefits, such as independence from national political control, but also significant limitations in terms of computational costs and scalability. We introduce RSCoin, a cryptocurrenc...

BACKGROUND/AIM The main goal of every health policy is not merely the establishment of the health system sustainability, but the accessability of health services to the whole population, as well. This objective is shared in European Union countries, and the consequence is the implementation of National Health Accounts (NHA). NHA, as a tool for evidence-based management, provides data regarding ...

Inpatient hospice care can reduce futile treatment and medical costs. However, the cost trimming effect of home-based hospice care in hospital has yet not been explored. This study evaluates the impact of home-based hospice care on end-of-life expenditure in hospitals with different spending intensity. This is a population-based retrospective study in Taiwan. Cancer decedents were identified in...

The challenges imposed by healthcare reform are having an effect on the respiratory care landscape similar to the effect the tsunami had on the landscape of Japan; long established standards of care and traditional care delivery services cannot survive in such a financially challenging environment and are rapidly being assessed and modified to accommodate our new understanding of quality and ef...

Multiple innovations in e-health have the proven potential to improve treatment success, reduce adverse events and healthcare spending. Despite the promising potential, verified in various studies, the diffusion speed of healthcare application is very low. A major challenge in healthcare is therefore not only the research and development for improved treatment, but also the comprehensive and ef...