Many applications in a diverse demographic of engineering fields require knowledge of the thickness of thin films and coatings. An example of some applications for which thin film thickness is critical are semiconductors, optics, and protective coatings. There are various methods for measuring thin film thickness, however, many of them are destructive, or are only capable of measuring thickness...

This review aims to consolidate scattered literature on thermally sprayed coatings with nonionizing electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption and shielding over specific wavelengths potentially useful in diverse applications (e.g., microwave millimeter wave, solar selective, photocatalytic, interference shielding, thermal barrier-heat/emissivity). Materials EM properties such as electric permittivit...

A method is described for measuring absorbed electromagnetic energy radiated from cell phone antennae into ex vivo brain tissue. NMR images the 3D thermal dynamics inside ex vivo bovine brain tissue and equivalent gel under exposure to power and irradiation time-varying radio frequency (RF) fields. The absorbed RF energy in brain tissue converts into Joule heat and affects the nuclear magnetic ...

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM A few of studies which compared and continuously measured the stability of various surface treated implants in the same individual had been performed. PURPOSE We aim to find the clinical significance of surface treatments by observing the differences in the stabilization stages of implant stability. MATERIAL AND METHODS Eight different surface topographies of dental imp...

In this paper, we report about simulated distribution of density of absorbed light energy within human skin following light illumination with a combination of three wavelengths (310, 514 and 800 nm) with ratios similar to ultraviolet, visible and infrared fractions of the solar irradiance spectrum. We study heat distribution within the skin treated with a sunscreen containing TiO(2) nanoparticl...

This paper summarizes the progress on the construction of a graphite calorimeter for the measurement of absorbed dose to water Dw in medium-energy filtered x-ray qualities, as part of the EMRPfunded project “Metrology for radiotherapy using complex radiation fields” (MetrExtRT, http://radiotherapyemrp.eu/). The design and the construction of a new primary standard for absorbed dose to water (Dw...

The fluorescence lifetime of chlorophyll a gives information about the primary photo-physical events in photosynthesis. Most of the light energy absorbed by chlorophylls is utilized for photochemistry. There are two main additional pathways competing for the absorbed light energy: fluorescence and radiationless internal conversion (heat). Only a few percent of the absorbed energy proceeds along...