1. Many chemical contaminants are formed during the combustion of fuel both in the smoking and in the direct drying process. Examples include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), dioxins, formaldehyde, nitrogen and sulphur oxides (relevant for formation of e.g. nitrosamines). Furthermore, heavy metals are also found in combustion gases. The types and amount of contaminants depend on the fuel...

Prokaryotes in coastal sediments are fundamental players in the ecosystem functioning and regulate processes relevant in the global biogeochemical cycles. Nevertheless, knowledge on benthic microbial diversity patterns across spatial scales, or as function to anthropogenic influence, is still limited. We investigated the microbial diversity in two of the most chemically polluted sites along the...

Differential mortality of cryptic species (i.e., morphologically similar but genetically distinct sibling species) may contribute to observed reductions in genetic diversity at contaminated sites if the members of a complex of cryptic species exhibit differential responses to the contaminants that are present. We conducted toxicity bioassays with both polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon and metal ...

The Arabian Gulf environmental status was assessed based on studies conducted in Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, United Arab Emirates (UAE), and Yemen during 1983-2011. This review examines all sorts of pollutions in the Arabian Gulf area over the last three decades. Approximately 50 published studies were reviewed in order to determine the pollution status in the Arabian Gulf regar...

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), abundant in mixed contaminant sites, often coexist with heavy metals. The fate and remediation of PAHs depend heavily on the sorption and desorption behavior of these contaminants. The sorption behavior can in turn be highly affected by certain soil components and properties, such as soil organic matter (SOM) and the presence of heavy metals. Through rev...

On-road measurements of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitric oxide from 5772 heavy-duty diesel trucks at five locations in the United States and Europe show slightly increasing emissions with increasing altitude. The result for nitric oxide showed a statistically significant increase of 4.1 +/- 1 gNO/kg of fuel consumed/km increase in altitude. The increases for CO and HC were also statist...

Copyright: © 2015 Marsili L, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Release of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Heavy Metals from Rubber Crumb in Synthetic Turf Fields: Preliminary Hazard A...

Petroleum refineries utilize thermal cracking, catalytic cracking and hydrogenation processes to produce high quality oil products. Hydrodesulfurization is one of the most important methods to remove sulfur from petroleum fractions. Heavy oil contains various types of sulfur compound. The structure of the sulfur compounds affects the ease of sulfur removal1). Acyclic sulfur compounds including ...

The article describes the catalytic cracking of heavy oil residue in presence a finely dispersed catalyst. It was determined that processing high molecular weight hydrocarbons, catalysts are effective, which uniformly distributed volume raw materials and introduced into technological process form small particles. Coke tar mainly consists 27.00 wt.% asphaltenes, 60.00 polyaromatic hydrocarbons h...

• Heavy oil compounds evolution of cellulose and lignin was investigated with the use FT-ICR-MS. Cellulose-lignin interaction significantly enhanced removal oxygen in heavy components. Three reaction pathways are proposed to explain species under influence interaction. Evolution route components temperature secondary clarified. Cellulose, their mixture were pyrolyzed at 500–700 °C for 60 s 90 i...