The study was conducted to determine the effects on growth performance and immune response of free-range chicken supplemented with different levels spirulina in their diet. Sixty free range chicken, fifteen day-olds, were used which randomly distributed four treatments, three replicates each treatment five experimental birds replicate. Treatment 1- Control (pure commercial feeds); 2- 4% feeds; ...

Molecular mobility is important for interactions of biofunctional polymers with target molecules. Monomer structures synthetic are usually selected based on their compatibility polymerization systems, whereas the influence monomer interaction molecules hardly considered. In this report, we evaluate correlation between glycopolymers and concanavalin A (ConA) respect to molecular mobility. Two ty...

The emergence of drug resistant variants of the influenza virus has led to a need to identify novel and effective antiviral agents. As an alternative to synthetic drugs, the consolidation of empirical knowledge with ethnopharmacological evidence of medicinal plants offers a novel platform for the development of antiviral drugs. The aim of this study was to identify plant extracts with proven ac...

Background: Pandemic flu had at least two waves in Iran. Knowing how many of the general population were already exposed to this infection has a major impact on na-tional preventive measures. As of December 30, 2009, a total of 3672 confirmed cases of human infection with a novel Influenza A (2009 H1N1) virus had been reported in Iran with 140 deaths. Objective: In this study we aim to measure,...

A rotavirus, designated as the H-1 strain, was isolated from a diarrheic foal in primary African green monkey kidney cells and MA104 cells. This cell culture-adapted strain hemagglutinated erythrocytes of human group O, rhesus monkeys, guinea pigs, and sheep. It was found to be similar, if not identical, to porcine rotaviruses (strains OSU, EE, and A-580) by plaque reduction neutralization and ...

A total of 104 elderly patients were immunized with one or two doses of the commercial 1985-1986 inactivated influenza vaccine formulation. Two types of vaccines (split virus [SV] vaccine and whole virus [WV] vaccine) and one or two doses 1 month apart were given. No difference in local or systemic reactions was noted among the four groups. The reciprocal geometric mean hemagglutination inhibit...

The A/Los Angeles/2/87 (H3N2) (A/LA/2/87) virus is sensitive to inhibitors of hemagglutination present in certain human sera. It was found that the effect of these inhibitors could be removed by treating sera with high-concentration receptor-destroying enzyme or trypsin-periodate or by using inhibitor-resistant viruses in the hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) test. Inhibitor-resistant viruses w...

BACKGROUND Little is known about the development of cross-reactive antibodies following natural exposure to pathogens. Such knowledge is critical in the development of new universal influenza vaccines. METHODS To study the possibility of the presence of cross-reactive antibodies to influenza viruses which underwent a major antigenic drift between the years 1999 and 2007 sera from samples of 8...

Antigenic relationships between an isolate (B/Aichi/I/73) from the epidemic of influenza B in 1973 and earlier strains of the same type were studied by hemagglutination-inhibition and neuraminidase-inhibition tests. The results showed that B/Aichi/I/73 underwent considerable antigenic variation in hemagglutinin but not in neuraminidase.