BACKGROUND Human infection with influenza A(H1N1) 2009 was first identified in the United States on 15 April 2009 and on 11 June 2009, WHO declared that the rapidly spreading swine-origin influenza virus constituted a global pandemic. We evaluated the seroprevalence of influenza A(H1N1) 2009 virus on a large public University campus, as well as disparities in demographic, symptomatic and vaccin...

Unsymmetrical dendrimers, containing both mannose binding units and coumarin fluorescent units, have been prepared using click chemistry and shown to be highly efficient, dual-purpose recognition/detection agents for the inhibition of hemagglutination.

INTRODUCTION The present study was conducted to estimate the incidence of seropositivity to anti-Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies and analyze potential risk factors in Colima, on the western coast of Mexico. METHODOLOGY Longitudinal studies of 209 subjects with negative serology in 1999 for anti-Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies by hemagglutination inhibition test were tested again in 2005. At the sam...

BACKGROUND Japan experienced two rubella outbreaks in the past decade (2004 and 2012-2013), resulting in 10 and 20 infants with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS), respectively. This study was performed to determine whether the seronegative rate was lower in multiparous women than in primiparous women in Japan. METHODS Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test results during pregnancy were analyze...

Background Vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimates for 2015-2016 seasonal influenza vaccine are reported from Canada's Sentinel Practitioner Surveillance Network (SPSN). This season was characterized by a delayed 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus (A[H1N1]pdm09) epidemic and concurrent influenza B(Victoria) virus activity. Potential influences on VE beyond antigenic match are explored, includin...

To monitor oseltamivir-resistant influenza viruses A (H1N1) (ORVs) with H275Y in neuraminidase (NA) in Japan during 2 influenza seasons, we analyzed 3,216 clinical samples by NA sequencing and/or NA inhibition assay. The total frequency of ORVs was 2.6% (45/1,734) during the 2007-08 season and 99.7% (1,477/1,482) during the 2008-09 season, indicating a marked increase in ORVs in Japan during 1 ...

BACKGROUND Serum antibody to influenza can be used to identify past exposure and measure current immune status. The two most common methods for measuring this are the hemagglutination inhibition assay (HI) and the viral neutralization assay (NT), which have not been systematically compared for a large number of influenza viruses. METHODS A total of 151 study participants from near Guangzhou, ...

Antigenic characterization based on serological data, such as Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) assay, is one of the routine procedures for influenza vaccine strain selection. In many cases, it would be impossible to measure all pairwise antigenic correlations between testing antigens and reference antisera in each individual experiment. Thus, we have to combine and integrate the HI tables from ...

Eighty per cent of mice infected with a mouse-adapted strain of influenza virus died within 3 to 8 days after infection. Rimantadine given at maximum protective doses reduced mortality to 10%. This protection is dose related and can be demonstrated with doses from 4.5 to 24 mg per kg per day. Significant survival rates are shown by delaying treatment as long as 48 hr after infection. Lungs of t...

BACKGROUND The global impact of the 2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic (H1N1pdm) is not well understood. OBJECTIVES We estimate overall and age-specific prevalence of cross-reactive antibodies to H1N1pdm virus and rates of H1N1pdm infection during the first year of the pandemic using data from published and unpublished H1N1pdm seroepidemiological studies. METHODS Primary aggregate H1N1pdm sero...