A total of 828 community-dwelling adults were studied during the course of the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 outbreak in Singapore during June-September 2009. Baseline blood samples were obtained before the outbreak, and 2 additional samples were obtained during follow-up. Seroconversion was defined as a >4-fold increase in antibody titers to pandemic (H1N1) 2009, determined by using hemagglutination in...

A dot immunobinding assay ( DIA) was used for a quantitative and qualitative assay of rubella antibody. Purified antigen and conjugated anti-human immunoglobulin (RAHlg) were prepared. Nitrocellulose paper dotted with the antigen was added to serially diluted sera or blood samples. The reacting antibodies were visualized by a peroxidase system. Development of a colored insoluble substrate ...

BACKGROUND Concern for a pandemic caused by a newly emerged avian influenza A virus has led to clinical trials with candidate vaccines as preparation for such an event. Most trials have involved vaccines for influenza A (H5N1), A (H7N7) or A (H9N2). OBJECTIVE To evaluate dosage-related safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated influenza A (H7N7) vaccine in humans. DESIGN One hundred twent...

Serotype C and D of Clostridium botulinum produce botulinum toxin complex (TC), which is comprised of botulinum neurotoxin, nontoxic nonhemagglutinin, and hemagglutinins (HAs). The TC is capable of aggregating equine erythrocytes via interaction between one of the HAs, namely HA-33, and sugar chains on the cell surface. This hemagglutination is inhibited by specific sugars. In this data article...