background viral hepatitis is a systemic infection affecting the liver predominantly. almost all cases of acute viral hepatitis are caused by one of five viral agents: hav, hbv, hcv, hdv and hev. the present study aimed to find out the frequency of various forms of viral hepatitis (hav, hbv, and hcv), route of transmission, the history of vaccination against hepatitis b, and clinical findings i...

background: with respect to the importance of hepatitis a in patients with chronic liver disease, current study was conducted with the aim of determining the prevalence of previous hepatitis a infection in hepatitis b virus carriers with different stages of liver disease. materials and methods: this was a cross sectional study. 283 hbsag positive subjects (including 118 inactive carriers, 144 p...

conclusions vaccination of non-immune individuals against hav infection in high risk groups especially hemophilia and thalassemia patients is recommended. results did not show any differences about seroprevalence of hev among iranian general population. results anti-hav igg antibodies were observed more frequently in thalassemia patients (60/64; 93.8%) than in hemophilia patients (104/155; 67.1...

conclusions this study showed that the prevalence rates of hav and hev antibodies were positively correlated with age. the results demonstrated that the infection with these two viruses in the region was high and some high-risk individuals including females at child-bearing age were more susceptible. hav vaccination could be recommended for antibody-negative adults. results the results showed t...

conclusions acute acalculous gallbladder disease is a rare complication of hav infection which should be suspected in any child with right upper quadrant abdominal pain, tenderness, and mass which can lead to surgical emergency in rare conditions. introduction acute hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is common in the developing countries among children, but hydrops of gallbladder due to hepatiti...

conclusions in this city, a great proportion of children are susceptible to hepatitis a and it’s complications at an older age. this decrease in seropositivity may be caused by elevated hygien level. according to our results hepatitis a vaccination is recommended at early childhood such as that of other regions where low prevalence of hepatitis a infection is found. patients and methods this cr...

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conclusions more than 40% of the hemophilic patients under 20 years of age in the present study had no immunity against hepatitis a, and 23% of hepatitis c patients had not had a hepatitis a co-infection yet. since hepatitis a can show a fulminant course in hepatitis c patients, vaccination against hepatitis a seems necessary in hemophilic patients in the region. background hemophilic patients ...

background: raw sewage contains various pathogenic organisms including bacteria, viruses, fungus, worms and protozoa. workers at wastewater treatment plants (wwtps) are exposed to these organisms as well as to h2s gas causing many health hazards. objectives: to assess some work-related health effects among wwtps workers with special emphasis on the most common infections as well as cardiopulmon...