Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose causes acute liver failure in humans and rodents due in part to the destruction of mitochondria as a result of increased oxidative stress followed by hepatocellular necrosis. Activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily that controls the expression of genes encoding peroxisomal and mitochon...

PURPOSE To study the protective effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of SAMC on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute hepatotoxicity in the mouse model. METHODS Mice were intraperitoneally injected with CCl4 (50 μl/kg; single dose) to induce acute hepatotoxicity with or without a 2-h pre-treatment of SAMC intraperitoneal injection (200 mg/kg; single dose). After 8 h, the blood seru...

OBJECTIVES To determine the incidence of and risk factors for severe hepatotoxicity of nelfinavir-containing regimens among human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus (HIV/HCV)-coinfected patients with known stage of liver fibrosis. METHODS All HIV/HCV-coinfected patients were monitored for a period of 12 months after starting nelfinavir-containing regimens and, with an available liver bi...

OBJECTIVE To assess toxicities associated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) among HIV-1-infected pregnant women treated with nevirapine-based regimens according to Mozambican national guidelines. STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort study. METHODS HIV-1-infected antiretroviral-naive pregnant women with CD4 counts < or =350 cells/microL were initiated on nevirapine, lamivudine, an...

Gapmer antisense oligonucleotides cleave target RNA effectively in vivo, and is considered as promising therapeutics. Especially, gapmers modified with locked nucleic acid (LNA) shows potent knockdown activity; however, they also cause hepatotoxic side effects. For developing safe and effective gapmer drugs, a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of hepatotoxicity is required. Here, we invest...

Botanical dietary supplements (herbal products) have flooded the market in the United States over the past decade, and studies show a significant percentage of Americans use them. With increasing frequency and duration of exposure, some serious adverse effects, though relatively uncommon, have been reported. Among the most troublesome is the association of some botanicals with serious hepatotox...