Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely available antipyretic and analgesic; however, overdose of the drug inflicts severe damage to the liver. It is well established that the hepatotoxicity of APAP is initiated by formation of a reactive metabolite, N‑acetyl‑p‑benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), which can be detoxified by conjugation with reduced glutathione (GSH), a typical antioxidant. We recently found th...

Idiosyncratic drug hepatotoxicity represents a major problem in drug development due to inadequacy of current preclinical screening assays, but recently established rodent models utilizing bacterial LPS co-administration to induce an inflammatory background have successfully reproduced idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity signatures for certain drugs. However, the low-throughput nature of these models ...

BACKGROUND Acetaminophen Psi Parameter (APP) is a composite of acetaminophen (paracetamol) level and lag time before N-acetylcysteine (NAC) therapy. The APP is a significant predictor of hepatotoxicity secondary to acute acetaminophen overdose. Acetaminophen Psi Nomogram (APN) was invented as a graphic analog of the APP for use in predicting individual patient's risk of hepatotoxicity. Clinical...

objective(s): to appraise the antihepatotoxic efficacy of ethanolic extract of operculum turpethum root on the liver of swiss albino mice.   materials and methods:   hepatic fibrosis was induced in adult male albino mice through intraperitoneal administrations of n-nitrosodimethylamine (ndma) at the concentration of 10 mg/kg body weight. the liver toxicity and therapeutic effect of the plant et...

objective(s): methylsulfonylmethane (msm) is a sulfur-containing compound found in a wide range of human foods including fruits, vegetables, grains and beverages. in this study the effect of msm pretreatment on acetaminophen induced liver damage was investigated. materials and methods: male sprague dawley rats were pretreated with 100 mg/kg msm for one week. on day seven rats were received acet...

objective(s):lead (pb) is a toxic metal inducing many destructive effects leading to a broad range of physiological, biochemical, and neurological dysfunctions in humans and laboratory animals. materials and methods: here, we investigated the effect of chronic exposure to pb (50 mg/l) on oxidative stress, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and lipid profile of two different age groups of female ra...

many hepatoprotective herbal preparations have been recommended in alternative systems of medicine for the treatment of hepatic disorders. no systematic study has been done on protective efficacy of capparis spinosa (capparidaceae) to treat hepatic diseases. protective action of c. spinosa ethanolic root bark extract was evaluated in this study in an animal model of hepatotoxicity, which was in...

background: bone marrow transplantation is a good therapeutic modality for beta thalassemia. liver complications is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality following bmt. determination of the factors of liver injury leads to earlier diagnosis after bmt and improves prognosis. materials and methods: we studied 113 major beta thalassemic patients who have been transplanted from 1990- 2...

We evaluated posaconazole serum concentrations and hepatotoxicity in 12 leukemia patients who transitioned from posaconazole suspension to tablets. Patients who switched to tablets had significantly increased posaconazole concentrations (median: suspension, 748 ng/ml; tablet, 1,910 ng/ml; P < 0.01) without clinically relevant hepatotoxicity.

A 35 year old black Somalian woman with miliary tuberculosis developed hepatotoxicity after a few days of treatment with isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. After withdrawal of all drugs the liver profile returned to normal and remained so after challenge with isoniazid. Hepatotoxicity recurred when rifampicin was added, but it was well tolerated when reintroduced without isoni...