Sorption of two herbicides, fluridone (FLUN) and norflurazon (NORO), by two types of biochars, whole sediment, and various soil/sediment organic matter (OM) fractions including nonhydrolyzable carbon (NHC), black carbon (BC) and humic acid (HA) was examined. The single-point organic carbon (OC)-normalized distribution coefficients (K(OC)) of FLUN and NORO at low solution concentration (C(e)=0.0...

Herbicide application incurs water contamination and thus effective herbicide detection methods are needed. In this research, a kinetic model was developed to describe the processes of herbicide diffusion into plant tissues and binding to the active sites. DCMU [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea], a commonly used herbicide, was used as a test chemical and its diffusion into plant leaves a...

Background: Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) contributes 75% of total pulse production. Being cheaper than animal protein, makes it important in dietary requirement of developing countries. Weed not only competes with chickpea resulting into drastic yield reduction but also creates problem of harboring fungi, bacterial diseases and insect pests. Chemical approach having new herbicide discovery has...

The potential impact of herbicide utilization compel people to use new method of weed control. Selective herbicide application is optimal method to reduce herbicide usage while maintain weed control. The key of selective herbicide is how to discriminate weed exactly. The HIS color co-occurrence method (CCM) texture analysis techniques was used to extract four texture parameters: Angular second ...

The two primary sites of herbicide action in photosynthetic electron transport are the inhibition of photosystem II (PS II) electron transport and diversion of electron flow through photosystem I (PS I). PS II electron transport inhibitors bind to the DI protein of the PS II reaction center, thus blocking electron transfer to plastoquinone. Inhibition of PS II electron transport prevents the co...

Environmental risks resulting from increasing application of herbicides have raised many concerns about human health and safety of agro ecosystems and environment. Hence, it is very important to find practical and effective methods for reducing the use of pesticides in environment as well as the increasing the efficiency of these compounds. Addition of adjuvants to spray solutions could be cons...

to evaluate the competition between wheat and wild mustard (sinapis arvensis) in nitrogen and herbicide levels, an experiment was conducted in ramin agriculture and natural resources university, at 2007-8. a split-plots design in rcbd (randomized complete blocks design) with three replications was used for this experiment. the nitrogen levels (0, 60, 120 and 180kg/ha) arranged in main plots. ea...

to study the molecular basis for resistance of lolium rigidum populations (from fars province) to aryloxyphenoxy propionate herbicide through dcaps method, an experiment was conducted at the biotechnology laboratory of shiraz university. eighteen populations of l. rigium suspected of herbicide resistance, from zarghan, fasa. noorabad and firoozabad areas which had survived a recomended dose of ...

Many inhibitors prevent the oxidation o f the primary electron-accepting quinone (QA) by the secondary quinone (QB) in photosystem II by displacem ent o f Q B from its binding site. On the other hand, plastoquinone-1 and 6-azido-5-decyl-2,3-dim ethoxy-/?-benzoquinone displace herbicides. Binding studies show the herbicide/quinone interaction to be (apparently) competitive. The herbicide binding...

Farmers in the Midwestern United States continue to be reliant on soil-applied herbicides for weed control in crop production, and herbicide contamination of streams remains an environmental problem. The main objective of this study was to analyze trends in concentration and load of acetochlor, alachlor, metolachlor, and metribuzin in Goodwater Creek Experimental Watershed (GCEW) from 1992 to 2...