Myocardial necrosis was produced in rats by administering isoproterenol, and the increase in hexosamine-containing materials in the injured myocardium was investigated. Total hexosamine, galactosamine, neutral sugars, and uronic acids were determined on various fractions isolated from the hearts. Mucopolysaccharides were precipitated as the cetyl pyridinium chloride complex and fractionated acc...

Hexosamine is a normal component of serum mucoprotein and its level may be regarded as an index of total mucoprotein which includes a, , and y globulins, fibrinogen, "seroglycoid," and cseromucoid." Interest in seromucoids was greatly enhanced when it was found by West and Clarke (1938) and others that in acute and chronic infections, in malignancy, and in a number of endocrine disturbances, th...

The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) is a nutrient-sensing metabolic pathway that produces the activated amino sugar UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a critical substrate for protein glycosylation. Despite its biological significance, little is known about the regulation of HBP flux during nutrient limitation. Here, we report that amino acid or glucose shortage increase GFAT1 production, the first...

During the study of the acid hydrolysate of a polysaccharide from BtiZZus subtilis (3), the hexosamine fraction (4) was found to give an unidentified spot on paper chromatograms. Its color reactions were typical for an amino sugar, but it moved at a faster rate than glucosamine or galactosamine. Furthermore, degradat,ion with ninhydrin (5) afforded a reducing product possessing a RF higher than...

Atherosclerosis is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetes, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Retention of atherogenic lipoproteins by vascular proteoglycans is thought to play a key role in the development of atherosclerotic lesions. High glucose levels cause a variety of diabetic complications by several mechanisms, including upregulation of the hexosamine pathway. G...

Previous studies revealed that exposure of mesangial cells to high glucose concentration induces the production of matrix proteins mediated by TGF-beta1. We tested if structural analogues of D-glucose may mimic the high glucose effect and found that D-glucosamine was strikingly more potent than D-glucose itself in enhancing the production of TGF-beta protein and subsequent production of the mat...