changed, whereas hexosamine values were gradually increased and seemed to be correlated to total cell count, but not to the count of adhered cells on the glass wall. On the other hand, hexosamine and sialic acid contents of both the cells adhering to the glass wall were determined after washing with saline solution. The results are given in Table I. No remarkable difference in hexosamine and si...

The present study investigated whether activation of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway might mediate at least in part the high glucose effect on angiotensinogen (ANG) gene expression and immortalized renal proximal tubular cell (IRPTC) hypertrophy. IRPTC were cultured in monolayer. ANG, renin, and beta-actin mRNA expression were determined by specific RT-PCR assays. Phosphorylation of p38 MAP...

Highly proliferating cells are particularly dependent on glucose and glutamine for bioenergetics and macromolecule biosynthesis. The signals that respond to nutrient fluctuations to maintain metabolic homeostasis remain poorly understood. Here, we found that mTORC2 is activated by nutrient deprivation due to decreasing glutamine catabolites. We elucidate how mTORC2 modulates a glutamine-requiri...

It was recently found that the effect of an exercise-induced increase in muscle GLUT-4 on insulin-stimulated glucose transport is masked by a decreased responsiveness to insulin in glycogen-supercompensated muscle. We evaluated the role of hexosamines in this decrease in insulin responsiveness and found that UDP- N-acetyl hexosamine concentrations were not higher in glycogen-supercompensated mu...

On the basis of evidence presented or cited in a previous article (see Reference 1 for Paper I), the group-specific C-polysaccharide of Group A hemolytic streptocci is a polymer of L-rhamnose and N-acetyl-n-glucosamine in which the methylpentose units occur as 3and 2,3-substituted, a-linked saccharides with terminal P-linked hexosamine molecules and possibly intracatenary hexosamine. The study ...

adenosine acts as neuromodulator in the brain, which its involvement in a wide range of brain processes and diseases has been studied, such as epilepsy, sleep, anxiety, panic disorder, alzheimer’s disease, parkinson’s disease and schizophrenia. adenosine receptors have been detected: a1r, a2ar (a2ar), a2br, and a3r. a1r and a2r inhibit camp production, while a2ar and a2br stimulate camp product...

Pharmacognosy Research,2022,14,3,263-268.DOI:10.5530/pres.14.3.38Published:July 2022Type:Original ArticleAuthors:Vikas Jogpal, Tinku, Mohit Sanduja, and Ved Prakash Author(s) affiliations:Vikas Jogpal1, Tinku1,2,*, Sanduja1, Prakash3 1School of Medical Allied Sciences, G.D. Goenka University, Sohna Road, Gurgaon, Haryana, INDIA. 2School Pharmaceutical Education Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed t...

22 Cells exposed to high glucose may undergo hypertrophy, proliferation, and apoptosis, but 23 the role of hexosamine flux in mediating these effects has not been fully elucidated. Accordingly, 24 we studied the effects of glucose and glucosamine on rat glomerular mesangial cells (MC) 25 turnover. In comparison with physiologic glucose (5.6mM), treatment with high glucose (25mM) 26 for 24 hours...

Bovine aortic endothelial cells were cultured in medium containing [3H]glucosamine and concentrations of [“S]sulfate ranging from 0.01 to 0.31 mM. While the amount of [‘H]hexosamine incorporated into chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate was constant, decreasing concentrations of sulfate resulted in lower [‘“SIsulfate incorporation. Sulfate concentrations greater than 0.1 1 mM were required ...