despite improvement of mechanical ventilation devices for infants, lung injury still causes morbidity and mortality in many cases. to determine the effect of high frequency oscillatory ventilation (hfov) in infants with severe respiratory failure, 10 neonates were evaluated prospectively. mean gestational age of these patients was 35 weeks and alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (a-ado2) and the ...

Memory traces for words are frequently conceptualized neurobiologically as networks of neurons interconnected via reciprocal links developed through associative learning in the process of language acquisition. Neurophysiological reflection of activation of such memory traces has been reported using the mismatch negativity brain potential (MMN), which demonstrates an enhanced response to meaning...

Two lexical decision experiments were conducted to determine whether there is a specific, localized influence of the item frequency of consecutive trials (i.e., first-order sequential effects) when the trials are not related to each other. Both low-frequency words and nonwords were influenced by the frequency of the precursor word (Experiment 1). In contrast, high-frequency words showed little ...

Previous research has suggested that similar to other age-related declines in language production, the ability to produce the correct spellings of words decreases in old age (e.g., Abrams & Stanley, 2004; MacKay & Abrams, 1998; MacKay, Abrams, & Pedroza, 1999; Stuart-Hamilton & Rabbitt, 1997). However, aging alone does not predict spelling deficits. For example, spelling ability interacts with ...

T  factor affecting spoken language processing of individual words is the frequency of occurrence. For example, in a word recognition task, listeners respond more quickly to frequent words (e.g., dog) than to infrequent ones (e.g., hound; Kawamoto et al. ). Similarly, speakers make fewer errors when naming highfrequency words than low-frequency ones presented to only one visual fie...

Hierarchical-phrase based machine translation model is a popular translation model which combines advantages of phrase-based translation models and syntax-based translation models. However, since there are no linguistic constraints in the procedure of current hierarchical phrase extraction, there are a large number of redundant generalized rules extracted. In this paper, we propose two strategi...