As the number of endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) procedures continues to grow, particularly in the US, so does the number and variety of devices designed to treat this complicated but potentially deadly condition. The momentum in this market at the moment is keenest for technologies that can safely expand the treatable patient pool to include patients with more complicated ...

The Proof of Stake (PoS) protocol is one the consensus algorithms for blockchain, in which integrity a new block validated according to voting by nodes called validators. However, due validator-oriented voting, results are likely be false when number validators with wrong votes increases. In PoS protocol, motivated vote correctly reward and penalty mechanisms. With such mechanisms, who contribu...

Apathy is a common but poorly understood condition with a wide societal impact observed in several brain disorders as well as, to some extent, in the normal population. Hence the need for better characterization of the underlying mechanisms. The processes by which individuals decide to attribute physical effort to obtain rewards might be particularly relevant to relate to apathy traits. Here, w...

This study is one of the very few, and the most extensive to date, which has examined deceptive behavior in a real-life, high-stakes setting. The behavior of 16 suspects in their police interviews has been analyzed. Clips of video footage have been selected where other sources (reliable witness statements and forensic evidence) provide evidence that the suspect lied or told the truth. Truthful ...

High stakes tests are defined as those tests that “carry serious consequences for students or educators.” The consequences from standardized achievement tests range from grade retention for school children to rewards or punitive measures for schools and school districts. The nature of standardized achievement tests used in these situations poses validity problems for the decisions. Numerous uni...

High stakes tests are defined as those tests that “carry serious consequences for students or educators.” The consequences from standardized achievement tests range from grade retention for school children to rewards or punitive measures for schools and school districts. The nature of standardized achievement tests used in these situations poses validity problems for the decisions. Numerous uni...

Motivated by a problem in the theory of randomized search heuristics, we give a very precise analysis for the coupon collector problem where the collector starts with a random set of coupons (chosen uniformly from all sets). We show that the expected number of rounds until we have a coupon of each type is nHn/2 − 1/2± o(1), where Hn/2 denotes the (n/2)th harmonic number when n is even, and Hn/2...

Proof of stake is a consensus mechanism for digital currencies that is an alternative to proof of work used in Bitcoin. The main declared advantages of proof of stake approaches are the absence of expensive computations and hence a lower entry barrier for block generation rewards. In this report, we examine the pros and cons of both consensus systems and show that existing implementations of pr...