Ethereum represents new innovation in the fields of cryptocurrency which has become relatively stagnate, promising many things, including an entire programming language and development enviroment built into the network. However the current trend is to write implementations and proof of concepts before doing the rigor involved with proving security. Miller’s recent thesis is an attempt to remedy...

There are many car tests regulated by European and international standards carried out on tracks to assess vehicle performance. The test preparation phase usually consists of placing road cones the track with a specific configuration defined considered standard; this is performed human operators using imprecise slow methods, mainly due large required distances. In paper, new geolocation stake-o...

that presented by Dr. T.A. Sanborn in his editorial in this issue.1 I stake no claim to being correct, only different, because our different views derive not from facts but from uncertainties. I see two crucial uncertainties in laser angioplasty: which of the new interventional systems will be most effective, and will answers derived from peripheral vascular interventions apply to coronary arte...

We present a provably-secure blockchain protocol based on “proof of stake.” As far as we are aware, this is the first proof of stake blockchain protocol which provides rigorous security guarantees. The security properties of the system are analyzed in the model of [9] and are comparable to the ones possessed by the bitcoin blockchain protocol which utilizes proof of work. Furthermore, an incent...