Abstract The effect of impact velocity and temperature invar particles deposited by high-velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) cold spray processes on the microstructure oxidation content coatings is not fully understood. Additionally, coating thickness coefficient thermal expansion (CTE) coated material influence working hardness are also insufficiently investigated. In present study, were at temperatur...

To meet increasingly stringent emission regulations modern internal combustion engines require highly accurate control of the air-to-fuel ratio. The performance of the conventional air-to-fuel ratio feedback loop is limited by the combustion delay between fuel injection and engine exhaust, and by the transport delay for the exhaust gas to propagate to the air-to-fuel ratio sensor location. The ...

The effect of fuel properties on the structure of swirling spray flames has been investigated. Droplet size, number density and velocity measurements have been carried out in pressureatomized spray flames using phase/Doppler interferometry. Four fuels with different physical properties were studied, namely n-heptane, methanol, 50/50 methanol/1-dodecanol mixture, and kerosene. The results indica...

A new diagnostic has been developed that is capable of obtaining simultaneous two-phase velocity measurements in a gasoline direct-injection fuel spray. This technique utilizes a two-laser (double-pulse) twocamera (double-frame) setup to simultaneously image the injected fuel and entrained air to determine the 2D velocity vector fields of both phases using cross-correlation particle image veloc...

The high cost and scarcity of noble metal catalysts, such as Pt, have hindered the hydrogen production from electrochemical water splitting, the oxygen reduction in fuel cells and batteries. Herein, we developed a simple template-free approach to three-dimensional porous carbon networks codoped with nitrogen and phosphorus by pyrolysis of a supermolecular aggregate of self-assembled melamine, p...

A novel Pd/HPW-PDDA-MWCNT with high electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction of fuel cells was synthesized by immobilizing water soluble HPW with positively charged polyelectrolyte PDDA on MWCNTs.

1. Introduction 1. Introduction Zirconia is widely used due to its high oxygen diffusivity in various technological applications like gas sensors, fuel cells, catalytic membranes etc. The material shows an excellent thermal stability, combined with very good mechanical properties.

Ion transport membrane (ITM) based reactors have been suggested as a novel technology for several applications including fuel reforming and oxy-fuel combustion, which integrates air separation and fuel conversion while reducing complexity and the associated energy penalty. To utilize this technology more effectively, it is necessary to develop a better understanding of the fundamental processes...

This paper is presented to study the combustion process and emissions in a direct injection diesel engine. Computations are carried out using a three-dimensional model for flows, sprays, combustion and emissions in Diesel engines. Interactions between combustion and emissions with flow field are considered and it is shown that soot mass fraction increases at regions with low turbulence inten...

There is one way to explore space by using the launch vehicles, which known as rockets, and it can carry useful load named simply payload of satelite from Earth into Space. In this study, performance predictions multi rocket motors are discussed compared with single motor same amount propellant used for travel. article in serial or tandem staging schemes, boosting stage usually largest, second ...