abstract: a continuously variable transmission (cvt) is a transmission which may change step less by way of an infinite variety of effective gear ratios between maximum and minimum values. this contrasts with different mechanical transmissions that solely permit just a few different distinct gear ratios to be selected. continuously variable transmissions (cvts) are mechanical devices that allow...

With high fuel prices, fuel-savings technologies can provide significant economic benefits to steel mills. Reheating furnaces in integrated and mini-mills consume approximately half of the natural gas used to produce hot-rolled products. Recently, Praxair’s Dilute Oxygen Combustion technology (previously demonstrated for productivity improvements on mini-mill billet reheating furnaces) was exte...

In petrochemical analysis it is often not necessary to identify every compound in a sample. The boiling point distribution and group composition, e.g. aliphatic and aromatic groups or straight chain versus branched alkanes determine, to a large extent, the physical characteristics of fuels. The oxygenated group content of a fuel is another important parameter. It is believed that high oxygen co...

Peter Diakow Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada Synopsis Dimethyl-ether (C2H6O) a common hydrocarbon is increasingly being used as a transportation fuel and as an aerosol propellant, very limited explosion safety data is available for this fuel. Experiments were performed to determine the detonation characteristics of dimethyl-ether air mixt...

A High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor (HTGR) is one of the renewed reactor designs to play a role in nuclear power generation. This reactor design concept is currently under consideration and development worldwide. The combination of coated particle fuel, inert helium gas as coolant and graphite moderated reactor makes possible to operate at high temperature yielding a high efficiency. In this ...

While problems related to CO poisoning still exist for the anode, most of the efficiency loss (80%) in a fuel cell arises due to the cathode. Oxygen reduction at the cathode requires the largest amount of the catalyst in PEM fuel cells due to its lower activity. This problem needs to be solved before mass commercialization of fuel cells can be achieved. The specific objective is to synthesize n...

In this paper, we study the performance of a testing apparatus that could be used for evaluating the effectiveness of gaseous suppressants and solid fuel retardants under opposed flame spread conditions. A narrow channel, 3 mm in height, 110 mm in width and 375 mm in length, constitutes the most important component of this apparatus. To establish the flow and flame spread parameters in this app...

The development of new implantable medical devices has been limited in the past by slow advances in lithium battery technology. Non-enzymatic glucose fuel cells are promising replacement candidates for lithium batteries because of good long-term stability and adequate power density. The devices developed to date however use an "oxygen depletion design" whereby the electrodes are stacked on top ...

The low oxygen levels at high altitude are a potent and unavoidable physiological stressor to which highland mammals must adapt. One hypothesized adaptation to high altitude is an increased reliance on carbohydrates to support aerobic activities. Based on stoichiometries of combustion, ATP yield per mole of oxygen from carbohydrates is approximately 15% higher than from lipids (observed differe...