The evaluation of writing ability of L2 students has become increasingly important in recent years, because the results of such evaluations are used for a variety of administrative, instructional, and research purposes. One of the first decisions to be made in determining a system for directly assessing writing quality is what type of scoring procedure will be used: Should a single score be giv...

Liver cancer is the second most common cause of mortality among all cancers in the world. A holistic prognostic classification in hepatocellular carcinoma has not been unified yet. Many prognostic scoring systems have been made from different centres, some of which have been validated in large series. Even then, universally acceptable scoring systems are still an unmet need in this disease beca...

The C-TOOLS research group has developed and released a new assessment tool, the Concept Connector, consisting of a web-based, concept mapping Java applet with automatic scoring. The Concept Connector was designed to enable students in large introductory science classes at the university level to visualize their thinking online and receive immediate formative feedback. The Concept Connector’s f...

the difficulty of assessing the writing skill is well known. different testing facets seem to affect the result of assessing the writing skill. in addition to the writer’s ability, the topic of the writing task, and methods of rating may contribute to the writer’s score. in this study, 50 efl learners wrote four different types of writing tasks (convincing, describing, instructing, and explaini...

The difficulty of assessing the writing skill is well known. Different testing facets seem to affect the result of assessing the writing skill. In addition to the writer’s ability, the topic of the writing task, and methods of rating may contribute to the writer’s score. In this study, 50 EFL learners wrote four different types of writing tasks (convincing, describing, instructing, and explaini...

CRITICAL THINKING, DEFINED AS PURPOSEFUL SELF-REGULATORY JUDGMENT, IS CENTRALLY EVIDENT IN NURSING KNOWLEDGE DEVELOPMENT AND EXPERT CLINICAL JUDGMENT. A HOLISTIC CT SCORING RUBRIC, A FRAMEWORK FOR CT INDIVIDUAL AND GROUP PRESENTATIONS, AND A CASE STUDY STRATEGY FOR TRAINING AND NURTURING CT IN STUDENTS ILLUSTRATE THAT THE CT IN NURSING KNOWLEDGE DEVELOPMENT AND CLINICAL JUDGMENT CAN BE EXTERNAL...

Vector Space Models (VSM) have been widely used in the language assessment field to provide measurements of students’ vocabulary choices and content relevancy. However, training reference vectors (RV) in a VSM requires a time-consuming and costly human scoring process. To address this limitation, we applied unsupervised learning methods to reduce or even eliminate the human scoring step require...