Increased insulin resistance is a therapeutic target in patients with chronic liver disease. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) have been reported to improve insulin resistance in in vivo experiments. Thus, we investigated the effects of BCAA on insulin resistance in patients with chronic liver disease. Twelve patients with chronic liver disease were enrolled. Each patient was given one sachet o...

BACKGROUND Osteocalcin has been reported to be relevant to glucose and lipid metabolism, indicating it may stimulate insulin secretion and improve insulin resistance. Yet the difference between male and female patients is still not clear. We aimed to investigate the difference in serum osteocalcin, and its association with glucose, lipid metabolism, pancreatic function, insulin sensitivity, and...

Methods Patients (pts) from TENDER were included if baseline and wk 6 fasting insulin were measured. Glucocorticoid tapering was not permitted until wk 6. Insulin sensitivity was quantified using the homeostatic model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Pts were classified as having IR if their HOMA-IR was ≥2.2 U. Change in HOMA-IR after 6 wks was assessed using paired t-test. Baseline association...

BACKGROUND Although relationships between smoking/high cotinine and type 2 diabetes have consistently been observed, few studies have investigated the relationship between cotinine and underlying pathophysiological defects that characterize diabetes aetiology. This study aimed to test the associations between cotinine and measures of insulin resistance or insulin secretion. METHODS This analy...

Objective(s): Diabetes is a metabolic syndrome which is associated with the worldwide major public health problems. There are many natural compounds from the sea-market, as a valuable aquatic source, along with the variety of health and therapeutic benefits. In the present research, with respect to the traditional and ethnic uses of Sargassum oligocystum algae for healing of some diseases which...

Let A be a ring and MA the category of right A-modules. It is well known in module theory that any A-bimodule B is an A-ring if and only if the functor − ⊗A B : MA → MA is a monad (or triple). Similarly, an A-bimodule C is an A-coring provided the functor − ⊗A C : MA → MA is a comonad (or cotriple). The related categories of modules (or algebras) of −⊗A B and comodules (or coalgebras) of − ⊗A C...

We investigated the association between macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) rs1007888 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and the genetic susceptibility to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). A total of 240 GDM pregnant women (GDM group) and 330 healthy pregnant women (control group) were included in the study. Differences in the MIF rs1007888 genotype and allele frequencies and differenc...

Considering old GDM diagnostic criteria, alterations in insulin secretion and action are present in women with GDM as well as in women with one abnormal value (OAV) during OGTT. Our aim is to assess if changes in insulin action and secretion during pregnancy are related to 1-hour plasma glucose concentration during OGTT. We evaluated 3 h/100 g OGTT in 4,053 pregnant women, dividing our populati...

BACKGROUND Human homologs (FEM1A, FEM1B, FEM1C) of nematode sex determination genes are candidate genes for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We previously identified a FEM1A mutation (H500Y) in a woman with PCOS; FEM1B has been implicated in insulin secretion. METHODS Women with and without PCOS (287 cases, 187 controls) were genotyped for H500Y and six FEM1A single nucleotide polymorphisms ...

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate beta-cell function and insulin resistance in relation to the occurrence of anti-islet antibodies in first degree relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). MATERIAL AND METHODS The group studied consisted of 90 relatives and 60 healthy individuals without a family history of diabetes. An intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was p...