The functional effects of bone and suture stiffness were considered here using finite element models representing three different theoretical phenotypes of an Alligator mississippiensis mandible. The models were loaded using force estimates derived from muscle architecture in dissected specimens, constrained at the 18th and 19th teeth in the upper jaw and 19th tooth of the lower jaw, as well as...

In cylindrical continua, hoop stresses are induced due to the circumferential failure. This mainly happens when the cylinder is subjected to mechanical loads which vary in the circumferential directions. On the other hand, radial stress is stress in the direction of or opposite to the central axis of a cylindrical body. In the present study, the influence of curvilinear anisotropy on the radial...