Two opposing selective pressures have shaped the evolution of the structure of the blood-gas barrier in air breathing vertebrates. The first pressure, which has been recognized for 100 years, is to facilitate diffusive gas exchange. This requires the barrier to be extremely thin and have a large area. The second pressure, which has only recently been appreciated, is to maintain the mechanical i...

In recent years, inkjet technology has played an important role in industrial materials printing and various sensors fabrication, but the mechanisms of the inkjet print head should be researched more elaborately. The steady state deformation analysis of a tubular piezoelectric print head, which can be classified as a plane strain problem because the radii of the tubes are considerably smaller t...

A 3-dimensional (3D) fuel performance analysis program, able to simulate normal operating conditions and accident for PWR behaviors, was developed based on the Multiphysics Object-Oriented Simulation Environment (MOOSE) finite-element framework. By taking fission products swelling, densification expansion of pellet, thermal irradiation creep, gap heat transfer, gas release, cladding crack propa...

Abstract Reactivity-initiated accident (RIA) is one of the accidents considered by fuel safety criteria. The power pulse caused abrupt expansion pellet, leading to pellet and cladding mechanical interaction (PCMI). Cladding ductility gradually decreased in process oxidation hydrogen uptake during irradiation. As a result, extrusion causes produce greater hoop stress strain, which leads damage. ...

Bellows are special structures that require high strength as well as good flexibility. The design, manufacture, and analysis of bellow tubes thus are more complicated. Test of bellows to understand their mechanical behavior, and to verify a design purpose finite element program is needed for practical use. In this paper, digital-image-correlation method is applied to measure the stiffness of si...

This paper presents results of testing twelve hollow square reinforced concrete specimens wrapped with Carbon fibre reinforced polymer CFRP. The effect of ply configuration on the behaviour of the specimens is investigated. All specimens were 800mm high and had the dimensions of 200mm× 200mm in cross-section and a hollow core of 80mm× 80mm. The specimens were divided into four groups with three...

Lexical information can bias categorization of an ambiguous phoneme and subsequently evoke a shift in the phonetic boundary. Here, we explored the extent to which this phenomenon is perceptual in nature. Listeners were asked to ignore auditory stimuli presented in a typical oddball sequence in which the standard was an ambiguous sound halfway between /t/ and /p/ embedded in a Dutch word normall...