A large share of world trade, especially among the OECD countries, is two-way trade within industries, so called intra-industry trade. Despite this, few attempts have been made to examine why countries export some products within industries, whereas they import others. We examine this issue, by means of regression analysis, by examining the shares of IIT that are vertical and horizontal and by ...

A number of pathogens may be transmitted from parent to child at or before birth (vertically) or from one individual to another by contact (horizontally). A natural deterministic and non-spatial model, introduced by Lipsitch et al. [Proc. Roy. Soc. London Ser. B 260 (1995) 321] shows that an epidemic is possible if the vertical transmission or the horizontal transmission is high enough. In cont...

an extended octagonal ring (eor) transducer was designed and developed to measure forces inside the compression chamber of a large square baler in different directions. the transducer was calibrated by applying forces in three directions simultaneously and independently. the sensor revealed excellent linearity along with small cross sensitivities. horizontal and vertical primary sensitivities o...

This paper attempts to detect the existence of links in consumption preferences between generations. Preferences for consumption goods may be determined by the preferences of parents (vertical transmission) and/or by preferences arising from the environment (horizontal transmission). We propose an indirect methodology to overcome the lack of data on consumption choices of dynasties, i.e., paren...

The spatial expressions of egalitarian and hierarchical political relations, respectively along the horizontal vertical axis, are visually illustrated in a broad cross-cultural perspective. dichotomy between los de abajo (those below) arriba above) is explored contemporary Venezuelan politics, using ethnographic visual evidence. socialist party, which presents itself as representative , has bee...

Introduction: Marginal adaptation is the most critical item in long-term prognosis of single crowns. This study aimed to assess the marginal quality as well asthe discrepancies in marginal integrity of some PFM single crowns of posterior teeth by employing parallel radiography in Shiraz Dental School, Shiraz, Iran. Methods: In this descriptive study, parallel radiographies were taken from 200 f...

the main goal of the present study is to identify characteristics of the inter-station horizontal magnetic responses and the vertical magnetic data, as two types of magnetotelluric transfer functions, in the modeling procedure. through consideration of model responses and two-dimensional inversion of synthetic data, sensitivity of the data components in detecting different geophysical structure...