The differentiation and functions of osteoclasts are regulated by receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK)/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) system that stimulates osteoclasts formation. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) is also essential for osteoclastogenesis. A recent immunocytochemical study reported that RANKL/RANK and M-CSF/c-fms were localized in the...

BACKGROUND Catheter visualization and tracking remains a challenge in interventional MR.Active guidewires can be made conspicuous in "profile" along their whole shaft exploiting metallic core wire and hypotube components that are intrinsic to their mechanical performance. Polymer-based catheters, on the other hand, offer no conductive medium to carry radio frequency waves. We developed a new "a...

This paper investigates the influence of two different deposition strategies, oscillation and parallel pass, on tensile high cycle fatigue properties a wire + arc additive manufactured Ti-6Al-4V alloy in as-built condition. In build, plasma torch feeder continuously oscillated across wall thickness direction. contrast, four single layers were deposited consecutively same direction along length ...