Prom April, 1983 until December, 1987, 15 patients with horseshoe kidneys underwent surgery in Shahid Labbafi Nejad Medical Center. Pyelolithotomy was done in 11 cases, pyeloplasty in 2 cases, and nephrectomy in 2 cases. Symphysiotomy was performed in 14 of these patients. Preoperative angiography was not done in any of the cases and midline transperitoneal approach was utilized in all of ...

Since 1985, avian influenza virus surveillance has been conducted annually from mid-May to early June in charadriiform species from the families Scolopacidae and Laridae (shorebirds and gulls) at Delaware Bay in the northeast United States. The mass migrations of shorebirds, gulls and horseshoe crabs (Limulus polyphemus) coincide at that time, and large numbers of migrating birds pause at Delaw...

Bdelloura candida (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Maricola) is an ectocommensal symbiont on the American horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus, living on the book gills and appendages, where it spends its entire life. Given its limited dispersal capabilities and its inability to live outside of the host, we hypothesized a genetic structure that parallels that of its host. We obtained 84 planarian ind...

The first year-long survey of the mangrove horseshoe crab Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda was conducted at the Mandai mudflats at Kranji in Singapore to determine if breeding is year round or seasonal and to provide qualitative and quantitative baseline data to monitor the health of the population. At spring tide from September 2007 to July 2008, volunteers collected horseshoe crabs along the expo...

The lateral eyes of the horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) show a daily rhythm in visual sensitivity that is mediated by efferent nerve signals from a circadian clock in the crab's brain. How these signals communicate circadian messages is not known for this or other animals. Here the authors describe in quantitative detail the spike firing pattern of clock output neurons in living horseshoe c...