background & aims of the study: antibiotics utilize with the aim of improving human, animal and plant health; also, for treating infections caused by pathogenic bacteria. when these compounds introduce into ecosystems, could affect the microbial community and jeopardize human health. therefore, the aim of present study is to determination of the presence of six common utilized antibiotics (amox...

cefquinome sulfate (cs) is a fourth-generation cephalosporin, which has been developed solely for veterinary use. it shows potent antibacterial activity against a broad spectrum of bacterial species. however, cefquinome is susceptible to hydrolysis, which limiting its clinical employment efficacies to some extent. so, in this study, to increase cefquinome sulfate biological half-life, a novel c...

nifedipine (nif) a 1, 4-dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist, undergoes photodegradation to nitroso analogues of dehydronifedipine (ndnif) when exposed to sunlight. photodegradation products of nif have no clinical activity, so different formulations of nif must remain unchanged. if nif preparations become unstable in exposure to light, they could cause therapeutic failure. the present st...

the accurate prediction of protein stability is one of the most challenging goals in protein formulation and delivery. in this study, a gradient rp-hplc method is described for the separation of human growth hormone (hgh) variants as deamidated and oxidized forms. the methodology employed a polymeric poly (styrene-co-divinylbenzene) column and a 1ml/min flow rate of a linear gradient of 0.1% v/...

the aim of this study was to characterize the effect of typhoid fever on pharmacokinetic parameters of levofloxacin (lf) and compare the pharmacokinetic parameters of the said antibiotic in healthy human volunteers and patients with typhoid fever. total of 12 subjects were divided into two groups “a” (healthy volunteers) and “b” (typhoid patients). single oral dose of lf 500 mg was given and 5 ...

a rapid, sensitive and reproducible hplc method using amperometric detector was developed and validated for the analysis of clarithromycin in human plasma. the separation was achieved on a monolithic silica column (mz- c8 125×4.0 mm) using acetonitrile- methanol-potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (40:6:54,v/v), with ph of 7.5, as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.5 ml/min. the assay enabl...

easily degradating and various isomeric forms of rapamycin (sirolimus) face the determination of this compound to many challenges. in this study, we developed and validated the isocratic reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic (rp-hplc) method for rapamycin. separation was performed on a c8 column (mz, 15 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm particle size) using methanol:water (80:20 v/v) as the mobil...

objective fungi produce many different carotenoids and some are attractive in medical and industrial sources. in this work the ability of mucor hiemalis (ptcc 5292) to produce carotenoids in media with different nitrogenous and carbon sources and incubation with white, yellow, blue and red lights (15w, 220v, e27) against dark-grown were studied. materials and method the microorganism cultivatio...