1.1.1 Taxonomy The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was first isolated in 1983 (BarréSinoussi et al., 1983; Gallo et al., 1983), and firmly associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in 1984 (Gallo et al., 1984; Montagnier et al., 1984). A second related virus, called HIV-2, was subsequently discovered in West Africa (Clavel et al., 1986). HIV-1 and HIV-2 belong to...

Abstract Background Thalassemia patients that are conventionally treated by a regular transfusion regimen are exposed to blood born viral infections.The aim of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) , and human Immunodeficiency virus(HIV) among all multitransfused thalassemia patients in west north of Iran. Material and methods A...

Articular manifestations are a frequent but often underdiagnosed manifestation in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We present a 7-year-old HIV-infected malnourished girl who presented with recurrent joint pain and effusion in the left knee joint. Her antistreptolysin O, dsDNA, antinuclear antibody and rheumatoid arthritis factor were negative. She responded to anti...

Pulmonary arterial hypertension has a deadly association with Human immunodeficiency virus infection. The incidence of pulmonary hypertension in Human immunodeficiency virus infection is higher than those in general population. This association significantly increases the mortality in these patients. We report a case of Human immunodeficiency virus infection who presented with cough, fever and ...

We report here that the tat gene product of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 was able to protect iymphoblastoid (Jurkat), epithelial (293) and neuronal (PC12) cell lines from apoptotic death induced by serum withdrawal. The rescue from apoptosis by Tat was reflected by an increased expression of Bci-2 protein in tat-positive Jurkat cells with respect to mock-transfected Jurkat cells after 3-...

Objectives: To determine the frequency of Hepatitis C virus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Coinfection among Intravenous drug abusers in a rehabilitation Centre.
 Study Design: Cross-sectional analytical study.
 Place Duration Study: Medical Rehabilitation Centre District Jail, Lahore Pakistan, from Jul to Dec 2019.
 Methodology: A total 220 participants with history intr...

Despite the fact that cartilage, cortical bone and corneal homograft tissue is still widely used in South Africa and that there has never been a reported case of human immunodeficiency virus or Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease infection transmission via this route, otolaryngologists are still reluctant to use homograft ossicles. In third world countries, such as South Africa, where ossicular prosthese...

Murine monoclonal antibodies directed against the structural proteins p17 and p24 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 were investigated in an epitope mapping system. Overlapping peptides consisting of 15 amino acids of the p17 and p24 protein, respectively, were used as competitors in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Three different immunogenic regions (A, B, and C) could be defined, on...

OBJECTIVES to describe and analyze the centrality, the mute zone and the attitudes expressed in nurses' social representations of people with Human Immunodeficiency Virus. METHOD the subjects were 30 nurses from a university hospital in Rio de Janeiro. The data was collected using a Likert scale. RESULTS the data pointed to a process of representational change regarding Human Immunodeficien...