Is nanotechnology-based human enhancement morally permissible? One reason to question such enhancement stems from a concern for preserving our species. It is harder than one might think, however, to explain what could be wrong with altering our own species. One possibility is to turn to the environmental ethics literature. Perhaps some of the arguments for preserving other species can be applie...

In today’s globalized world, humans and nature are inextricably linked. The coupled human and natural systems (CHANS) framework provides a lens with which to understand such complex interactions. One of the central components of the CHANS framework involves examining feedbacks among human and natural systems, which form when effects from one system on another system feed back to affect the firs...

In each of the subjects under discussion there were intense efforts to determine chemically the active constituent of the medicine. It was success in this field, with the isolation of the alkaloidal constituents of opium, cinchona bark and nux vomica in the first decades of the nineteenth century, that supported the view that scientific pharmacology had its origins at that time. In this interes...

Different models of organization vary in their assumptions about how people are motivated to work together for a common purpose. To characterize the alternatives in the extreme, in one camp there is the “Hobbesean” view that people are primarily motivated through a combination of fear and self-interest. According to this view, the challenge of effective command is to align the enlightened self-...

The author presents here the results of a series of objective experiments conducted by him at the State Institute of Experimental Psychology, Moscow, during the years 1923-30, and devised to investigate certain aspects of the disorganization of behavior during emotional stress. Luria rejects the postulates of Pavlov and other conditioned reflex adherents and aligns himself with that group repre...